{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:46:19Z","timestamp":1786117579479,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation 2030\u2013Major Projects of China","award":["2022ZD0214000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022ZD0214000"]}]},{"name":"Huashan Hospital, Fudan University","award":["2025CX15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CX15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-56597-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:15:29Z","timestamp":1786025729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting optimal CPAP pressure in obstructive sleep apnea among Chinese patients using respiratory endotype derived from polysomnography"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jichu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingchun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9338-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6579-0010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9918","key":"56597_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60734-5","volume":"383","author":"AS Jordan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jordan, A. S., McSharry, D. G. & Malhotra, A. Adult obstructive sleep apnoea. Lancet 383 (9918), 736\u2013747 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"56597_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","volume":"7","author":"AV Benjafield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjafield, A. V. et al. Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Lancet Respir. Med. 7 (8), 687\u2013698 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"56597_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.5.565","volume":"163","author":"SR Patel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Patel, S. R. et al. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy for treating sleepiness in a diverse population with obstructive sleep apnea: results of a meta-analysis. Arch. Intern. Med. 163 (5), 565\u2013571 (2003).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"21","key":"56597_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.16303","volume":"314","author":"DJ Bratton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bratton, D. J. et al. CPAP vs Mandibular Advancement Devices and Blood Pressure in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Jama 314 (21), 2280\u20132293 (2015).","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"2","key":"56597_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7640","volume":"15","author":"SP Patil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patil, S. P. et al. Treatment of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Positive Airway Pressure: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 15 (2), 335\u2013343 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"56597_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4844","volume":"11","author":"K Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu, K. et al. All APAPs Are Not Equivalent for the Treatment of Sleep Disordered Breathing: A Bench Evaluation of Eleven Commercially Available Devices. J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 11 (7), 725\u2013734 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"56597_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20210286","DOI":"10.36416\/1806-3756\/e20210286","volume":"47","author":"A Alves","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alves, A. et al. Transition from APAP to CPAP may be a cost-effective health intervention in OSA patients. J. Bras. Pneumol. 47 (6), e20210286 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Bras. Pneumol"},{"issue":"9","key":"56597_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1770OC","volume":"183","author":"ST Kuna","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuna, S. T. et al. Noninferiority of functional outcome in ambulatory management of obstructive sleep apnea. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 183 (9), 1238\u20131244 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"56597_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-006-0082-x","volume":"11","author":"JS Loredo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loredo, J. S. et al. Prediction of continuous positive airway pressure in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. Breath. 11 (1), 45\u201351 (2007).","journal-title":"Sleep. Breath."},{"issue":"1","key":"56597_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_183_22","volume":"18","author":"AA Bamagoos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bamagoos, A. A. et al. Optimal positive airway pressure requirement and polysomnography indices of obstructive sleep apnea severity in the Saudi population. Ann. Thorac. Med. 18 (1), 31\u201338 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Med."},{"key":"56597_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gharib, A., Elsheikh, M. & Galal, I. The utility of various predictive equations in patients with severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea: a clinical practice viewpoint in settings with limited resources. Egypt. J. Bronchol., 18. (2024).","DOI":"10.1186\/s43168-024-00303-z"},{"issue":"7","key":"56597_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00747.2012","volume":"114","author":"A Wellman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wellman, A. et al. A simplified method for determining phenotypic traits in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 114 (7), 911\u2013922 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"56597_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.12.003","volume":"37","author":"DJ Eckert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eckert, D. J. Phenotypic approaches to obstructive sleep apnoea - New pathways for targeted therapy. Sleep. Med. Rev. 37, 45\u201359 (2018).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"56597_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201707-1435OC","volume":"197","author":"SA Sands","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sands, S. A. et al. Phenotyping Pharyngeal Pathophysiology using Polysomnography in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 197 (9), 1187\u20131197 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"56597_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-0970","volume":"146","author":"MJ Sateia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sateia, M. J. International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition. Chest 146 (5), 1387\u20131394 (2014).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"56597_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27133","volume":"4","author":"CA Kushida","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kushida, C. A. et al. Clinical guidelines for the manual titration of positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 4 (2), 157\u2013171 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."},{"key":"56597_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sands, S. A. et al. Quantifying the Arousal Threshold Using Polysomnography in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Sleep, 41(1). (2018).","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx183"},{"issue":"2","key":"56597_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00062914","volume":"45","author":"PI Terrill","year":"2015","unstructured":"Terrill, P. I. et al. Quantifying the ventilatory control contribution to sleep apnoea using polysomnography. Eur. Respir J. 45 (2), 408\u2013418 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir J."},{"issue":"4","key":"56597_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2010.3.4.207","volume":"3","author":"JH Choi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choi, J. H. et al. Optimal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Level in Korean Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Clin. Exp. Otorhinolaryngol. 3 (4), 207\u2013211 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"18","key":"56597_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.1107","volume":"47","author":"ML Chuang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chuang, M. L. et al. Predicting Continuous Positive Airway Pressure from a Modified Split-Night Protocol in Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. Intern. Med. 47 (18), 1585\u20131592 (2008).","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"56597_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.4103\/lungindia.lungindia_322_19","volume":"37","author":"L Sarma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarma, L. et al. Determination of equation for estimating continuous positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea for the Indian population. Lung India. 37 (5), 411\u2013414 (2020).","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"issue":"8","key":"56597_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201303-0448OC","volume":"188","author":"DJ Eckert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eckert, D. J. et al. Defining phenotypic causes of obstructive sleep apnea. Identification of novel therapeutic targets. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 188 (8), 996\u20131004 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"56597_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00063406","volume":"30","author":"R Pierce","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pierce, R. et al. Upper airway collapsibility, dilator muscle activation and resistance in sleep apnoea. Eur. Respir J. 30 (2), 345\u2013353 (2007).","journal-title":"Eur. Respir J."},{"issue":"2","key":"56597_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.2.8049834","volume":"150","author":"V Hoffstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hoffstein, V. & Mateika, S. Predicting nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 150 (2), 486\u2013488 (1994).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"56597_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00755.2009","volume":"108","author":"RL Owens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Owens, R. L. et al. The influence of end-expiratory lung volume on measurements of pharyngeal collapsibility. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 108 (2), 445\u2013451 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"56597_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinilla, L. et al. Hypoxic burden to guide CPAP treatment allocation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a post hoc study of the ISAACC trial. Eur. Respir J., 62(6). (2023).","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00828-2023"},{"key":"56597_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188052","DOI":"10.3389\/frsle.2023.1188052","volume":"2","author":"E Finnsson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Finnsson, E. et al. Sleep apnea endotypes: from the physiological laboratory to scalable polysomnographic measures. Front. Sleep. 2, 1188052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frsle.2023.1188052 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Sleep."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56597-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56597-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56597-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T14:15:31Z","timestamp":1786025731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56597-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["56597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-56597-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"24325"}}