{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T11:26:09Z","timestamp":1787570769056,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":75,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-56765-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T07:45:46Z","timestamp":1781077546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of obstructive sleep apnea among healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Spiteri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoona","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara Michela","family":"Rita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Ruiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Porru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Verlato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"56765_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-023-02810-7","volume":"27","author":"AB de Araujo Dantas","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Araujo Dantas, A. B. et al. Worldwide prevalence and associated risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Sleep. Breath. 27, 2083\u20132109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-023-02810-7 (2023).","journal-title":"Sleep. Breath."},{"key":"56765_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000915","volume":"28","author":"J Verbraecken","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verbraecken, J. More than sleepiness: prevalence and relevance of nonclassical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. Curr. Opin. Pulm Med. 28, 552\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000915 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pulm Med."},{"key":"56765_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.20304","volume":"328","author":"US Preventive Services Task Force","year":"2022","unstructured":"US Preventive Services Task Force et al. Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in adults: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA 328, 1945\u20131950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.20304 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"56765_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202006-696FR","volume":"18","author":"C Lal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lal, C., Weaver, T. E., Bae, C. J. & Strohl, K. P. Excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea. Mechanisms and clinical management. Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc. 18, 757\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202006-696FR (2021).","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"56765_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2018-0068","volume":"34","author":"NE Morsy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morsy, N. E. et al. Obstructive sleep apnea: personal, societal, public health, and legal implications. Rev. Environ. Health. 34, 153\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/reveh-2018-0068 (2019).","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"56765_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.3.315","volume":"25","author":"S Melamed","year":"2002","unstructured":"Melamed, S. & Oksenberg, A. Excessive daytime sleepiness and risk of occupational injuries in non-shift daytime workers. Sleep 25, 315\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/25.3.315 (2002).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"56765_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13446","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13446","volume":"31","author":"K-T Chou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chou, K-T. et al. Risk of work-related injury in workers with obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Sleep. Res. 31, e13446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsr.13446 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Sleep. Res."},{"key":"56765_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5834","volume":"39","author":"S Garbarino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garbarino, S. et al. Risk of occupational accidents in workers with obstructive sleep apnea: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep 39, 1211\u20131218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5665\/sleep.5834 (2016b).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"56765_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16664","DOI":"10.23749\/mdl.v116i1.16664","volume":"116","author":"G Dini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dini, G. et al. Occupational injuries and their determinants among healthcare workers in Western Countries: A scoping review. Med. Lav. 116, 16664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23749\/mdl.v116i1.16664 (2025).","journal-title":"Med. Lav"},{"key":"56765_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1949","volume":"147","author":"AJM Hirsch Allen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hirsch Allen, A. J. M., Bansback, N. & Ayas, N. T. The effect of OSA on work disability and work-related injuries. Chest 147, 1422\u20131428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.14-1949 (2015).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"56765_CR11","first-page":"201","volume":"14","author":"S Hassani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hassani, S. et al. Association between occupational accidents and sleep apnea in Hospital staff. Tanaffos 14, 201\u2013207 (2015).","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"56765_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2005.03610.x","volume":"52","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Suzuki, K. et al. Daytime sleepiness, sleep habits and occupational accidents among hospital nurses. J. Adv. Nurs. 52, 445\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2005.03610.x (2005).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"56765_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","volume":"7","author":"AV Benjafield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjafield, A. V. et al. Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 7, 687\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med."},{"key":"56765_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.09.022","volume":"104","author":"G Verlato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verlato, G. et al. Asthmatics and ex-smokers respond early, heavy smokers respond late to mailed surveys in Italy. Respir Med. 104, 172\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.09.022 (2010a).","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"56765_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000054","volume":"13","author":"Z Munn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Munn, Z. et al. Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence data. Int. J. Evid. Based Healthc. 13, 147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000054 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Evid. Based Healthc."},{"key":"56765_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55080468","volume":"55","author":"A Alexandropoulou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alexandropoulou, A. et al. Risk assessment for self reported obstructive sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness in a greek nursing staff population. Med. (Kaunas). 55, 468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina55080468 (2019).","journal-title":"Med. (Kaunas)"},{"key":"56765_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.7888\/juoeh.38.199","volume":"38","author":"I Arunsurat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arunsurat, I. et al. Simplified Berlin questionnaire for screening of high risk for obstructive sleep apnea among Thai male healthcare workers. J. UOEH. 38, 199\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7888\/juoeh.38.199 (2016).","journal-title":"J. UOEH"},{"key":"56765_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5578\/tt.68166","volume":"67","author":"\u00d6 Ayd\u0131n G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, \u00d6. et al. Assessment of the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome among healthcare workers. Tuberk Toraks. 67, 47\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5578\/tt.68166 (2019).","journal-title":"Tuberk Toraks"},{"key":"56765_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866822","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.866822","volume":"9","author":"G De Nunzio","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Nunzio, G. et al. A new Berlin questionnaire simplified by machine learning techniques in a population of Italian healthcare workers to highlight the suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 9, 866822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.866822 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"56765_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.07.028","volume":"73","author":"M Pascoe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pascoe, M. et al. Feasibility of electronic sleep disorder screening in healthcare workers of a large healthcare system. Sleep. Med. 73, 181\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.07.028 (2020).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med."},{"key":"56765_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2016.06.332","volume":"64","author":"G Cadelis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cadelis, G., Fayad, Y. & Monteagudo, O. E. [Prevalence of symptoms and risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire among professionals of a health facility]. Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique. 64, 405\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respe.2016.06.332 (2016).","journal-title":"Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique"},{"key":"56765_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-025-00315-0","volume":"11","author":"S Duong-Quy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duong-Quy, S. et al. Self-administered mome sleep testing model in screening of OSA in healthcare workers-sohew study: A national multicenter study in Vietnam. Pulm Ther. 11, 625\u2013643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41030-025-00315-0 (2025).","journal-title":"Pulm Ther."},{"key":"56765_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162460","volume":"55","author":"SM Seyedmehdi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seyedmehdi, S. M. et al. Prevalence of snoring and the risk of sleep apnea in hospital staff. Work 55, 765\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/WOR-162460 (2016).","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"56765_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-023-02029-9","volume":"97","author":"G Spiteri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spiteri, G. et al. Risk of obstructive sleep apnea among health workers: results of a screening in a large Italian University Hospital. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 97, 101\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-023-02029-9 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health"},{"key":"56765_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","volume":"10","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page, M. J. et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst. Rev. 10, 89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4 (2021).","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"56765_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P. T. & Thompson, S. G. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat. Med. 21, 1539\u20131558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.1186 (2002).","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"56765_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J. & Altman, D. G. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327, 557\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557 (2003).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"56765_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian, R. & Laird, N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin. Trials. 7, 177\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2 (1986).","journal-title":"Control Clin. Trials"},{"key":"56765_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.09.022","volume":"104","author":"G Verlato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verlato, G. et al. Asthmatics and ex-smokers respond early, heavy smokers respond late to mailed surveys in Italy. Respir Med. 104, 172\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.09.022 (2010b).","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"56765_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166262","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166262","volume":"11","author":"S Garbarino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garbarino, S. et al. Sleep apnea, sleep debt and daytime sleepiness are independently associated with road accidents. A cross-sectional study on truck drivers. PLoS One. 11, e0166262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0166262 (2016a).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"56765_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.02.023","volume":"81","author":"R Huhta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huhta, R., Hirvonen, K. & Partinen, M. Prevalence of sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness in professional truck drivers. Sleep. Med. 81, 136\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.02.023 (2021).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med."},{"key":"56765_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_53_16","volume":"21","author":"R Chowdhury","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chowdhury, R., Shah, D. & Payal, A. R. Healthy worker effect phenomenon: Revisited with emphasis on statistical methods - A review. Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med. 21, 2\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijoem.IJOEM_53_16 (2017).","journal-title":"Indian J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"56765_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0705-3","volume":"17","author":"J Geiger-Brown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Geiger-Brown, J. et al. Occupational screening for sleep disorders in 12-h shift nurses using the Berlin questionnaire. Sleep. Breath. 17, 381\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-012-0705-3 (2013).","journal-title":"Sleep. Breath."},{"key":"56765_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-016-1380-6","volume":"20","author":"R Yasin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yasin, R., Muntham, D. & Chirakalwasan, N. Uncovering the sleep disorders among young doctors. Sleep. Breath. 20, 1137\u20131144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-016-1380-6 (2016).","journal-title":"Sleep. Breath."},{"key":"56765_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.004","volume":"36","author":"H-Y Chiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiu, H-Y. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the Berlin questionnaire, STOP-BANG, STOP, and Epworth sleepiness scale in detecting obstructive sleep apnea: A bivariate meta-analysis. Sleep. Med. Rev. 36, 57\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.004 (2017).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med. Rev."},{"key":"56765_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02450-9","volume":"26","author":"L Bernhardt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bernhardt, L. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of screening questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults in different clinical cohorts: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. Breath. 26, 1053\u20131078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-021-02450-9 (2022).","journal-title":"Sleep. Breath."},{"key":"56765_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02299-y","volume":"25","author":"L Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Validation of the STOP-Bang questionnaire for screening of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population and commercial drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. Breath. 25, 1741\u20131751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11325-021-02299-y (2021).","journal-title":"Sleep. Breath."},{"key":"56765_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002","volume":"34","author":"CV Senaratna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Senaratna, C. V. et al. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in the general population: A systematic review. Sleep. Med. Rev. 34, 70\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.07.002 (2017).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med. Rev."},{"key":"56765_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202107-1761OC","volume":"205","author":"B Lechat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lechat, B. et al. Multinight prevalence, variability, and diagnostic misclassification of obstructive sleep apnea. Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med. 205, 563\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202107-1761OC (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"56765_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47735","DOI":"10.2196\/47735","volume":"25","author":"M Duarte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duarte, M., Pereira-Rodrigues, P. & Ferreira-Santos, D. The role of novel digital clinical tools in the screening or diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea: Systematic review. J. Med. Internet Res. 25, e47735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/47735 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"56765_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.70012","volume":"30","author":"L Pinilla","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pinilla, L., Chai-Coetzer, C. L. & Eckert, D. J. Diagnostic modalities in sleep disordered breathing: Current and emerging technology and its potential to transform diagnostics. Respirology 30, 286\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/resp.70012 (2025).","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"56765_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11290","volume":"20","author":"AA Chiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chiang, A. A. et al. OSA diagnosis goes wearable: are the latest devices ready to shine? J. Clin. Sleep. Med. 20, 1823\u20131838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.11290 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep. Med."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56765-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56765-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56765-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T11:05:46Z","timestamp":1787569546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56765-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["56765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-56765-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Neither ethical approval nor patients\u2019 consent was required to conduct this review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"26382"}}