{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T19:42:12Z","timestamp":1785526932153,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project","award":["2024GGA044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GGA044"]}]},{"name":"the innovation of science and technology, Fujian province","award":["2024Y9412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024Y9412"]}]},{"name":"the innovation of science and technology, Fujian province","award":["2023Y9234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023Y9234"]}]},{"name":"the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Doctoral Miaopu Project","award":["BS202401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BS202401"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2026J001695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026J001695"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-56930-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:44:30Z","timestamp":1781102670000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SERPINA3 and NDRG1 are critical diagnostic immune genes associated with macrophages in preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Zhuna","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congmei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"56930_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12802","volume":"145","author":"LC Poon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Poon, L. C. et al. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on pre-eclampsia: A pragmatic guide for first-trimester screening and prevention. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstetric. Official Organ Int. Federation Gynaecol. Obstetrics 145(Suppl 1), 1\u201333 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstetric. Official Organ Int. Federation Gynaecol. Obstetrics"},{"key":"56930_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2021.09.008","volume":"27","author":"LA Magee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Magee, L. A. et al. The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertension 27, 148\u2013169 (2022).","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertension"},{"key":"56930_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1552","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3093","volume":"1561","author":"EF Davis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Davis, E. F. et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in children and young adults born to preeclamptic pregnancies: A systematic review. Pediatrics 1561, e1552\u2013e1561 (2012).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"56930_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00670-0","volume":"270","author":"E Deer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deer, E. et al. The role of immune cells and mediators in preeclampsia. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 270, 257\u2013270 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"56930_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13092","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13092","volume":"81","author":"JB Larsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Larsen, J. B. et al. Lectin pathway proteins of the complement system in normotensive pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 81, e13092 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"56930_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/19336918.2016.1148866","volume":"10","author":"S Giaglis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giaglis, S. et al. Neutrophil migration into the placenta: Good, bad or deadly?. Cell Adh. Migr. 10, 208\u2013225 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Adh. Migr."},{"key":"56930_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00792","volume":"792","author":"Y Yao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Xu, X. H. & Jin, L. Macrophage polarization in physiological and pathological pregnancy. Front. Immunol. 792, 792 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"56930_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13386","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.13386","volume":"85","author":"OK Travis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Travis, O. K. et al. Adoptive transfer of placental ischemia-stimulated natural killer cells causes a preeclampsia-like phenotype in pregnant rats. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 85, e13386 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"56930_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4224","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI122182","volume":"128","author":"SA Robertson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robertson, S. A., Care, A. S. & Moldenhauer, L. M. Regulatory T cells in embryo implantation and the immune response to pregnancy. J. Clin. Investig. 128, 4224\u20134235 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"56930_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg034","volume":"31","author":"C von Mering","year":"2003","unstructured":"von Mering, C. et al. STRING: a database of predicted functional associations between proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 258\u2013261 (2003).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"56930_CR11","first-page":"1106","volume":"23","author":"X Zhou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhou, X. & Tuck, D. P. MSVM-RFE: extensions of SVM-RFE for multiclass gene selection on DNA microarray data. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 23, 1106\u20131114 (2007).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"56930_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.4932","volume":"12","author":"H Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, H., Wang, J., Yang, H., Chen, D. & Li, P. Association between FOXM1 and hedgehog signaling pathway in human cervical carcinoma by tissue microarray analysis. Oncol. Lett. 12, 2664\u20132673 (2016).","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"56930_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgw013","volume":"37","author":"W Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo, W. et al. PAQR3 enhances Twist1 degradation to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 37, 397\u2013407 (2016).","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"56930_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3337","volume":"12","author":"AM Newman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newman, A. M. et al. Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles. Nat. Methods 12, 453\u2013457 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"56930_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936560","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.936560","volume":"936560","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 936560, 936560 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"56930_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00298","volume":"5","author":"MM Faas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Faas, M. M., Spaans, F. & De Vos, P. Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Front Immunol 5, 298 (2014).","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"56930_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.10.011","volume":"178","author":"D Schonkeren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schonkeren, D. et al. Differential distribution and phenotype of decidual macrophages in preeclamptic versus control pregnancies. Am J Pathol 178, 709\u2013717 (2011).","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"56930_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.2741\/2275","volume":"12","author":"C Baker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baker, C., Belbin, O., Kalsheker, N. & Morgan, K. SERPINA3 (aka alpha-1-antichymotrypsin). Front Biosci 12, 2821\u20132835 (2007).","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"56930_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000250831.52876.cb","volume":"49","author":"ST Chelbi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chelbi, S. T. et al. Expressional and epigenetic alterations of placental serine protease inhibitors: SERPINA3 is a potential marker of preeclampsia. Hypertension 49, 76\u201383 (2007).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"56930_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11111704","author":"J Lokau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lokau, J., Schoeder, V., Haybaeck, J. & Garbers, C. Jak-Stat signaling induced by interleukin-6 family cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers11111704 (2019).","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"56930_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093498","volume":"9","author":"F Beigel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beigel, F. et al. Oncostatin M mediates STAT3-dependent intestinal epithelial restitution via increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and upregulation of SERPIN family members. PLoS ONE 9, e93498 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"56930_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075473","volume":"8","author":"XH Shi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shi, X. H., Larkin, J. C., Chen, B. & Sadovsky, Y. The expression and localization of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 in human trophoblasts. PLoS ONE 8, e75473 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"45","key":"56930_CR23","first-page":"e41","volume":"196","author":"SJ Choi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choi, S. J., Oh, S. Y., Kim, J. H., Sadovsky, Y. & Roh, C. R. Increased expression of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) in placentas from pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction or preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196(45), e41-47 (2007).","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"56930_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2020.05.009","volume":"110","author":"X Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai, X., Fu, Y. & Ye, Y. Increased NDRG1 expression suppresses angiogenesis via PI3K\/AKT pathway in human placental cells. Pregnancy Hypertens. 110, 106\u2013110 (2020).","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens."},{"key":"56930_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/CEOG26863","author":"J Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, J., Wang, P. & Zhang, J. Clinical value of renal function markers combined with blood lipid levels during late pregnancy to predict preeclampsia: A retrospective case-control study. Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/CEOG26863 (2025).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"56930_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.ceog5107163","author":"H Erdal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Erdal, H. & Genc, S. O. Evaluating hematological inflammatory markers as predictors of preeclampsia. Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.ceog5107163 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56930-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56930-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56930-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:06:35Z","timestamp":1785521195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56930-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["56930"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-56930-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9220597\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The studies involving humans were approved by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (Ethical Approval Number: 2024\u2013321). The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"23345"}}