{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:01:25Z","timestamp":1784599285574,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006389","name":"University of Geneva","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis continues to cause substantial morbidity in infants, largely because acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines do not prevent bacterial carriage and transmission. Whether post-exposure booster vaccination can rapidly reduce respiratory carriage and thereby limit transmission remains unclear. We used an adoptive murine transfer model mimicking waning vaccine-induced antibodies observed in humans to assess the impact of post-exposure aP vaccination following respiratory challenge with\n                    <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Bacterial loads in the lungs and trachea and pertussis-specific antibody responses were assessed across multiple independent experiments. Post-exposure aP vaccination triggered a rapid recall of pertussis-specific antibodies and significantly accelerated bacterial clearance from both lungs and trachea. Compared with non-boosted immune mice, vaccinated animals showed significantly lower bacterial loads on days 7, 10, and 14 after exposure and cleared\n                    <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n                    earlier (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Similar reductions in bacterial burden were observed with delayed boosting, lower-antigen-content vaccines, and passive immunization. In this preclinical model, post-exposure pertussis booster vaccination efficiently recalls memory B cells and accelerates\n                    <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n                    clearance in the lung and upper airways. These findings support the potential role of post-exposure vaccination strategies as a complementary approach to limit transmission in household and community settings and thus better control epidemics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-56963-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:33:15Z","timestamp":1784550795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-exposure booster vaccination recalls vaccine-induced memory and accelerates Bordetella pertussis clearance in murine lungs and trachea"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Ballester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Fontannaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Floriane","family":"Auderset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Gualtieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul-Henri","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire-Anne","family":"Siegrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"56963_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6740a4","volume":"67","author":"HA Hill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hill, H. A., Elam-Evans, L. D., Yankey, D., Singleton, J. A. & Kang, Y. Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19\u201335 Months - United States, 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 67, 1123\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6740a4 (2018).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"56963_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6633a2","volume":"66","author":"TY Walker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walker, T. Y. et al. National, Regional, State, and Selected Local Area Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents Aged 13\u201317 Years - United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 66, 874\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6633a2 (2017).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"56963_CR3","unstructured":"Final Pertussis Surveillance Report - CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention); 2019. (2019)."},{"key":"56963_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208514","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2208514","volume":"19","author":"D Macina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Macina, D. et al. Estimating the pertussis burden in adolescents and adults in the United States between 2007 and 2019. Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 19, 2208514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2023.2208514 (2023).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother"},{"key":"56963_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602083340601","volume":"334","author":"D Greco","year":"1996","unstructured":"Greco, D. et al. A controlled trial of two acellular vaccines and one whole-cell vaccine against pertussis. Progetto Pertosse Working Group. N Engl. J. Med. 334, 341\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199602083340601 (1996).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"56963_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602083340602","volume":"334","author":"L Gustafsson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gustafsson, L., Hallander, H. O., Olin, P., Reizenstein, E. & Storsaeter, J. A controlled trial of a two-component acellular, a five-component acellular, and a whole-cell pertussis vaccine. N Engl. J. Med. 334, 349\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199602083340602 (1996).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"56963_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)06508-2","volume":"350","author":"P Olin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Olin, P., Rasmussen, F., Gustafsson, L., Hallander, H. O. & Heijbel, H. Randomised controlled trial of two-component, three-component, and five-component acellular pertussis vaccines compared with whole-cell pertussis vaccine. Ad Hoc Group for the Study of Pertussis Vaccines. Lancet Lond. Engl. 350, 1569\u20131577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)06508-2 (1997).","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"key":"56963_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(97)00100-x","volume":"15","author":"F Simondon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Simondon, F. et al. A randomized double-blind trial comparing a two-component acellular to a whole-cell pertussis vaccine in Senegal. Vaccine 15, 1606\u20131612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0264-410x(97)00100-x (1997).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"56963_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit592","volume":"209","author":"LC Lambert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lambert, L. C. Pertussis vaccine trials in the 1990s. J. Infect. Dis. 209 (Suppl 1), S4\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jit592 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"56963_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1716","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3836","volume":"131","author":"NP Klein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klein, N. P., Bartlett, J., Fireman, B., Rowhani-Rahbar, A. & Baxter, R. Comparative effectiveness of acellular versus whole-cell pertussis vaccines in teenagers. Pediatrics 131, e1716\u20131722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2012-3836 (2013).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"56963_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200850","volume":"367","author":"NP Klein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klein, N. P., Bartlett, J., Rowhani-Rahbar, A., Fireman, B. & Baxter, R. Waning protection after fifth dose of acellular pertussis vaccine in children. N Engl. J. Med. 367, 1012\u20131019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1200850 (2012).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"56963_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit046","volume":"56","author":"MA Witt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Witt, M. A., Arias, L., Katz, P. H., Truong, E. T. & Witt, D. J. Reduced risk of pertussis among persons ever vaccinated with whole cell pertussis vaccine compared to recipients of acellular pertussis vaccines in a large US cohort. Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. Am. 56, 1248\u20131254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cit046 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"56963_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis672","volume":"55","author":"SL Sheridan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sheridan, S. L., Ware, R. S., Grimwood, K. & Lambert, S. B. Unexpectedly limited durability of immunity following acellular pertussis vaccination in preadolescents in a North American outbreak. Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. Am. 55, 1434\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cis672 (2012). author reply 1435\u20131436.","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"56963_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004138","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004138","volume":"11","author":"M Gambhir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gambhir, M. et al. A change in vaccine efficacy and duration of protection explains recent rises in pertussis incidence in the United States. PLoS Comput. Biol. 11, e1004138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004138 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"56963_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000160914.59160.41","volume":"24","author":"AM Wendelboe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wendelboe, A. M., Van Rie, A., Salmaso, S. & Englund, J. A. Duration of immunity against pertussis after natural infection or vaccination. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 24, S58\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.inf.0000160914.59160.41 (2005).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"56963_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3645","volume":"124","author":"ME Pichichero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pichichero, M. E. Booster Vaccinations: Can Immunologic Memory Outpace Disease Pathogenesis? Pediatrics 124, 1633\u20131641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2008-3645 (2009).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"56963_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0382-8","volume":"13","author":"BM Althouse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Althouse, B. M. & Scarpino, S. V. Asymptomatic transmission and the resurgence of Bordetella pertussis. BMC Med. 13, 146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-015-0382-8 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"56963_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1314688110","volume":"111","author":"JM Warfel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Warfel, J. M., Zimmerman, L. I. & Merkel, T. J. Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 111, 787\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1314688110 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"56963_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz531","volume":"70","author":"R Craig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Craig, R. et al. Asymptomatic Infection and Transmission of Pertussis in Households: A Systematic Review. Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. Am. 70, 152\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz531 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"56963_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06090-y","volume":"21","author":"W Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang, W. et al. Infant rhesus macaques as a non-human primate model of Bordetella pertussis infection. BMC Infect. Dis. 21, 407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06090-y (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"56963_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2014.946016","volume":"13","author":"JM Warfel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Warfel, J. M. & Merkel, T. J. The baboon model of pertussis: effective use and lessons for pertussis vaccines. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 13, 1241\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/14760584.2014.946016 (2014).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"56963_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268805003833","volume":"133","author":"FGA Versteegh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Versteegh, F. G. A. et al. Age-specific long-term course of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin after symptomatic infection with Bordetella pertussis. Epidemiol. Infect. 133, 737\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268805003833 (2005).","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"56963_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.05.089","volume":"33","author":"BM Gavillet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gavillet, B. M. et al. Needle-free and adjuvant-free epicutaneous boosting of pertussis immunity: Preclinical proof of concept. Vaccine 33, 3450\u20133455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.05.089 (2015).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"56963_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-35979-2","volume":"14","author":"LM Ince","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ince, L. M. et al. Influence of circadian clocks on adaptive immunity and vaccination responses. Nat. Commun. 14, 476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-35979-2 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"56963_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.4.752-757.1989","volume":"27","author":"SA Halperin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Halperin, S. A., Bortolussi, R. & Wort, A. J. Evaluation of culture, immunofluorescence, and serology for the diagnosis of pertussis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27, 752\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.27.4.752-757.1989 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"56963_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2009.02530.x","volume":"117","author":"HO Hallander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hallander, H. O., Ljungman, M., Storsaeter, J. & Gustafsson, L. Kinetics and sensitivity of ELISA IgG pertussis antitoxin after infection and vaccination with Bordetella pertussis in young children. APMIS Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. 117, 797\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2009.02530.x (2009).","journal-title":"APMIS Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand."},{"key":"56963_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.2.399-410.1993","volume":"61","author":"KH Mills","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mills, K. H., Barnard, A., Watkins, J. & Redhead, K. Cell-mediated immunity to Bordetella pertussis: role of Th1 cells in bacterial clearance in a murine respiratory infection model. Infect. Immun. 61, 399\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.61.2.399-410.1993 (1993).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"56963_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3068","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03068","volume":"9","author":"L Solans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Solans, L. & Locht, C. The Role of Mucosal Immunity in Pertussis. Front. Immunol. 9, 3068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03068 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"56963_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00257.x","volume":"35","author":"D de Gouw","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Gouw, D., Diavatopoulos, D. A., Bootsma, H. J., Hermans, P. W. M. & Mooi, F. R. Pertussis: a matter of immune modulation. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 35, 441\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2010.00257.x (2011).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"56963_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adkins, I. et al. Bordetella Adenylate Cyclase Toxin Differentially Modulates Toll-Like Receptor-Stimulated Activation, Migration and T Cell Stimulatory Capacity of Dendritic Cells. Hozbor DF, editor. PLoS ONE. ;9:e104064. (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104064","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104064"},{"key":"56963_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a029629","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a029629","volume":"9","author":"CS Eberhardt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eberhardt, C. S. & Siegrist, C-A. What Is Wrong with Pertussis Vaccine Immunity? Inducing and Recalling Vaccine-Specific Immunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect. Biol. 9, a029629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a029629 (2017).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"56963_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit048","volume":"56","author":"SA Plotkin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Plotkin, S. A. Complex correlates of protection after vaccination. Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. Am. 56, 1458\u20131465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cit048 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off Publ Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"56963_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2019.03.006","volume":"59","author":"P Kapil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kapil, P. & Merkel, T. J. Pertussis vaccines and protective immunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 59, 72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coi.2019.03.006 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"56963_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/s1286-4579(01)01421-6","volume":"3","author":"KH Mills","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mills, K. H. Immunity to Bordetella pertussis. Microbes Infect. 3, 655\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1286-4579(01)01421-6 (2001).","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"56963_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101313","volume":"7","author":"H de Graaf","year":"2026","unstructured":"de Graaf, H. et al. Safety, colonisation kinetics, transmissibility, and immune correlates of protection in healthy adults inoculated with Bordetella pertussis in England: a single-centre, open-label, phase 1, controlled human infection study. Lancet Microbe. 7, 101313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101313 (2026).","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"56963_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01074","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01074-14","volume":"5","author":"MJ Bart","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bart, M. J. et al. Global population structure and evolution of Bordetella pertussis and their relationship with vaccination. mBio 5, e01074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.01074-14 (2014).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"56963_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000160916.47479.22","volume":"24","author":"C-H-W von K\u00f6nig","year":"2005","unstructured":"von K\u00f6nig, C-H-W. Use of Antibiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Pertussis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 24, S66\u2013S68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.inf.0000160916.47479.22 (2005).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"56963_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e018594","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018594","volume":"7","author":"H de Graaf","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Graaf, H. et al. Investigating Bordetella pertussis colonisation and immunity: protocol for an inpatient controlled human infection model. BMJ Open. 7, e018594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018594 (2017).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56963-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56963-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56963-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T01:02:45Z","timestamp":1784595765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-56963-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["56963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-56963-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were carried out in accordance with Swiss and European guidelines and approved by the Geneva Veterinary Office (Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; authorization no. GE\/9718A).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"22680"}}