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This study examined depressive symptoms, hopelessness, self-efficacy, and COVID-19-related concerns among pregnant women in Hungary during two independent cross-sectional pandemic waves. A total of 692 pregnant women participated in Wave 1 and 459 in Wave 2. Participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the study-specific \u201ePregnancy during the coronavirus\u201d questionnaire. EPDS categories did not differ significantly between waves; 11.8% of participants in Wave 1 and 10.5% in Wave 2 fell into the major depressive symptom range. Mild hopelessness was reported by 31.1% and 26.4%, and moderate\/severe hopelessness by 3.2% and 3.3%, respectively. Confinement-related difficulties and daily disruption, as well as perceived support and positive reappraisal, were higher in Wave 1 than Wave 2, both p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001. In Wave 2, unplanned or unwanted pregnancy was associated with higher depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and financial\/housing concerns. Emotional distress and impaired coping was the strongest predictor of EPDS and BHS scores, while self-efficacy was a consistent negative predictor. These findings support pregnancy-sensitive mental health screening during public health crises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-57439-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T11:11:58Z","timestamp":1781262718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depressive symptoms hopelessness self-efficacy and COVID-19-related stressors among pregnant women in Hungary across two pandemic waves"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8042-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e1ta","family":"Kov\u00e1cs-Berta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5092-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanni","family":"Dudok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7109-6906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szabolcs","family":"V\u00e1rb\u00edr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0819-0393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"P\u00e1sztor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0094-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edina","family":"Dombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"57439_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0884-z","volume":"4","author":"JJV Bavel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bavel, J. 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