{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:02:05Z","timestamp":1790395325878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shantou Medical Health Science and Technology Project","award":["No.72 [2024] - 159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.72 [2024] - 159"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Prolonged preoperative fasting is common in pediatric anesthesia, yet its effect on gastric residual volume (GRV) remains inadequately explored. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to examine the association between prolonged fasting duration and GRV measured using point-of-care gastric ultrasonography. A total of 491 children aged 1\u201312 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia after fasting more than 8\u00a0h were included. GRV was measured using point-of-care gastric ultrasonography and calculated using a validated formula, then normalized to body weight. The primary endpoint was the association between fasting duration and weight-adjusted GRV (GRV\/WT). Among the participants (median age 89 months; 308 boys), fifteen patients (3.05%) had a stomach at risk of aspiration (GRV\/WT\u2009&gt;\u20091.25 mL kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and 29 (5.91%) showed high-risk gastric antrum morphology. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated no significant association between prolonged fasting duration and GRV\/WT (\u03c1\u2009=\u20090.037, 95% CI: \u2212\u00a00.054 to 0.128,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.41). GRV\/WT correlated positively with age and negatively with body mass index. These findings suggest that prolonged preoperative fasting does not independently associate with GRV in pediatric patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-57602-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:15:36Z","timestamp":1782490536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gastric ultrasound reveals no association between prolonged fasting duration and gastric residual volume in pediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Qingda","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouwu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingzhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenwei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"57602_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001599","volume":"39","author":"P Frykholm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frykholm, P. et al. Pre-operative fasting in children: A guideline from the european society of anaesthesiology and intensive care. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. 39 (1), 4\u201325 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"57602_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004381","volume":"138","author":"G Joshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joshi, G. et al. American society of anesthesiologists practice guidelines for preoperative fasting: Carbohydrate-containing clear liquids with or without protein, chewing gum, and pediatric fasting duration - a modular update of the 2017 american society of anesthesiologists practice guidelines for preoperative fasting. Anesthesiology 138(2), 132\u2013151 (2023).\u00a0","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"57602_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100282","volume":"10","author":"A R\u00fcggeberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"R\u00fcggeberg, A., Meybohm, P. & Nickel, E. A. Preoperative fasting and the risk of pulmonary aspiration-a narrative review of historical concepts, physiological effects, and new perspectives. BJA open. 10, 100282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100282 (2024).","journal-title":"BJA open."},{"issue":"5","key":"57602_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.jiaps_104_25","volume":"30","author":"P Bihani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bihani, P. et al. Actual preoperative fasting duration and its impact on hunger, thirst, blood glucose, and parental satisfaction in pediatric patients: A prospective observational study. J. Indian Association Pediatr. Surg. 30 (5), 642\u2013647 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Indian Association Pediatr. Surg."},{"issue":"19","key":"57602_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6950","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14196950","volume":"14","author":"F Di Vezza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Di Vezza, F., Cacace, C., Sanvitti, M. & Bilotta, F. Preoperative clear fluid fasting duration and arterial hypotension during anesthesia induction: A narrative review. J. Clin. Med. 14 (19), 6950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14196950 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"57602_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.21037\/tp-22-358","volume":"12","author":"N Aroonpruksakul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aroonpruksakul, N. et al. The actual duration of preoperative fasting in pediatric patients, and its effects on hunger and thirst: A prospective observational study. Translational Pediatr. 12 (2), 146\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tp-22-358 (2023).","journal-title":"Translational Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"57602_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-023-00307-8","volume":"15","author":"TS Chaitra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chaitra, T. S., Palta, S., Saroa, R., Jindal, S. & Jain, A. Assessment of residual gastric volume using point-of-care ultrasonography in adult patients who underwent elective surgery. ultrasound J. 15 (1), 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13089-023-00307-8 (2023).","journal-title":"ultrasound J."},{"issue":"2","key":"57602_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.sja_339_23","volume":"18","author":"BS Ayd\u0131n","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n, B. S. & G\u00fcldo\u011fan, I. K. Determinants of gastric residual volume before elective surgery in diabetic patients: An observational study. Saudi J. Anaesth. 18 (2), 167\u2013172 (2024).","journal-title":"Saudi J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"12","key":"57602_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106269","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-106269","volume":"15","author":"Y Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei, Y., Liu, K., Lu, X., Wang, J. & Yao, L. Risk factors for a full stomach assessed by gastric ultrasound in patients undergoing elective caesarean section: A prospective cohort study. BMJ open. 15 (12), e106269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-106269 (2025).","journal-title":"BMJ open."},{"issue":"3","key":"57602_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12581","volume":"25","author":"AO Spencer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spencer, A. O. et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in the fasted pediatric patient undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: Development of a predictive model using endoscopically suctioned volumes. Paediatr Anaesth. 25 (3), 301\u2013308 (2015).","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth."},{"issue":"4","key":"57602_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0027","DOI":"10.1097\/EA9.0000000000000027","volume":"2","author":"V Godschalx","year":"2023","unstructured":"Godschalx, V. et al. The role of gastric ultrasound in anaesthesia for emergency surgery: A review and clinical guidance. Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. intensive care. 2 (4), e0027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EA9.0000000000000027 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. intensive care"},{"issue":"1","key":"57602_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31821b98c0","volume":"113","author":"A Perlas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perlas, A., Davis, L., Khan, M., Mitsakakis, N. & Chan, V. W. Gastric sonography in the fasted surgical patient: A prospective descriptive study. Anesth. Analg. 113 (1), 93\u201397 (2011).","journal-title":"Anesth. 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Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences 2nd edn (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1988)."},{"key":"57602_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1847","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2020\/e1847","volume":"75","author":"RF Ruiz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruiz, R. F., Jukemura, J., Alves, P. R. A. & Santos, M. E. L. D. Evaluation of pH and residual gastric volume after colon preparation with mannitol: Prospective randomized study comparing procedure performed after 3 hours versus 6 hours. Clin. (Sao Paulo Brazil). 75, e1847 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. (Sao Paulo Brazil)"},{"issue":"6","key":"57602_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15707","volume":"77","author":"JN Evain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Evain, J. N. et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric contents in children before general anaesthesia for acute appendicitis. 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