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The role of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and their subsets requires clarification. The study enrolled 88 children between September 1, 2023, and September 1, 2025, categorized into three groups: IgAV with nephritis (IgAVN,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200939), IgAV without nephritis (IgAVwoN,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200936), and healthy controls (HC,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200913). Flow cytometry was used to assess the percentage of peripheral blood \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, their surface phenotype (CD69, NKG2D, TLR4), and intracellular cytokines (IL-17\u00a0A, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1). Multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis evaluated diagnostic performance, and correlation with 24-hour proteinuria was assessed. Patients with IgAVN exhibited a significantly increased frequency of total \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and an expanded CD69\u207a activated subset. TLR4 expression on \u03b3\u03b4 T cells was upregulated in IgAV patients compared to HC group, but did not differ significantly between the IgAVN and IgAVwoN groups. The IL-17\u00a0A producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subset was identified as an independent risk factor for IgAVN (OR\u2009=\u20091.202, 95% CI 1.014\u20131.424,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.034). Its frequency positively correlated with 24-hour proteinuria levels (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.575,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). This parameter demonstrated high specificity (97.22%) and moderate diagnostic accuracy (AUC\u2009=\u20090.673) for distinguishing IgAVN. IL-17\u00a0A\u207a \u03b3\u03b4 T cells were an independent risk factor for IgAVN and correlated with renal injury severity. While Th17 cells are the main IL-17 source, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells may represent an additional source. Further investigation is needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-57972-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T04:55:07Z","timestamp":1781499307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Activation of circulating \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in pediatric IgA vasculitis nephritis links the IL-17\u00a0A+ subset to renal risk"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Changqiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4679-0330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"57972_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214142","volume":"78","author":"A Tracy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tracy, A. et al. 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