{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:01:30Z","timestamp":1784599290145,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Preconception care is an important intervention aimed at improving maternal and neonatal outcomes among women of reproductive age and HIV-positive women. Inadequate utilization of preconception care may increase the risk of vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy outcomes. To assess utilization rate of preconception care and associated factors among Human Immune Deficiency Virus positive reproductive age women attending Anti-Retroviral Treatment clinics in Gamo zone, 2021. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 1, 2021. A total of 559 participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Variables with a\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -value\u2009&lt;\u20090.25 in the bivariable analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at a\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 with a 95% confidence interval. Total of the 559 HIV-positive women selected for the study, 579 participated, resulting in a response rate of 96.5%. overall utilization of preconception care was 32%. Education, Monthly income, History of pregnancy, Number of pregnancy and Occupation were significantly associated with utilization of preconception care with (AOR: 4.42; 95% CI 1.48\u201313.17), (AOR: 2.85; 95% CI 1.41\u20135.74), (AOR: 2.99; 95% CI 1.18\u20137.71), (AOR: 2.97; 95% CI 1.28\u20136.91), and(AOR: 0.45; 95% CI 0.21\u20130.96) respectively. The utilization of preconception care among HIV-positive women was low. Educational status, occupation, monthly income, history of pregnancy, and gravidity were significantly associated with preconception care utilization. Healthcare providers, health facilities, and public health programs should enhance awareness creation, counseling, and accessibility of preconception care services, particularly among women with lower socioeconomic status and limited reproductive experience.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-58300-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:44:30Z","timestamp":1782265470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Utilization of preconception care and associated factors among HIV-positive women of reproductive age attending ART clinics in government health institutions of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Melkamu","family":"Tulbake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birknesh","family":"Mereta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyasu","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadele","family":"Damena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"58300_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Preconception care: Maximizing the gains for maternal and child health. Geneva: WHO. Available from: WHO Policy Brief (2013)."},{"key":"58300_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Preconception care: report of a regional expert group consultation. New Delhi: WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. Available from: WHO Preconception Care Report (2014)."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"58300_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-11-S3-S3","volume":"11","author":"SV Dean","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dean, S. V., Lassi, Z. S., Imam, A. M. & Bhutta, Z. A. Preconception care: Nutritional risks and interventions. Reprod. Health. 11 (Suppl 3), S3 (2014).","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"58300_CR4","unstructured":"Panel on Treatment of HIV During Pregnancy and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission. Reproductive options when one or both partners have HIV. National Institutes of Health. Available from: NIH HIV Reproductive Options Guideline (2020)."},{"key":"58300_CR5","unstructured":"Panel on Treatment of HIV During Pregnancy and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission. Recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission. National Institutes of Health. Available from: NIH Perinatal HIV Guidelines (2020)."},{"key":"58300_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19653-w","volume":"24","author":"B Fikire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fikire, B. et al. Preconception care use and associated factors among HIV positive reproductive age women attending ART clinics at public hospitals in the Hadiya zone, southern Ethiopia: A mixed method approach. BMC Public. Health. 24, 2116 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"key":"58300_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0679-8","volume":"16","author":"GM Kassa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kassa, G. M., Arowojolu, A. O., Odukogbe, A. A. & Yalew, A. W. Preconception care utilization and associated factors in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod. Health. 16, 27 (2019).","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"58300_CR8","first-page":"104","volume":"23","author":"DB Fekene","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fekene, D. B. et al. Preconception care utilization and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 23, 104 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"58300_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01157-0","volume":"18","author":"AB Teshale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teshale, A. B. et al. Integration of family planning services with HIV treatment for women of reproductive age attending ART clinics in Oromia, Ethiopia. Reprod. Health. 18, 102 (2021).","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"key":"58300_CR10","unstructured":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI). Ethiopia HIV Estimates and Projections Report (EPHI, 2020)."},{"key":"58300_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159693","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2023.1159693","volume":"4","author":"N Fetena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fetena, N. et al. Utilization of preconception care and associated factors among pregnant mothers in Fiche Town, Central Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study 2021. Front. Global Women\u2019s Health. 4, 1159693 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Global Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"58300_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3126\/jpahs.v7i2.31132","volume":"7","author":"LD Khanal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khanal, L. D. Knowledge and utilization of preconception care among women in Nepal. J. Patan Acad. Health Sci. 7 (2), 17\u201324 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Patan Acad. Health Sci."},{"key":"58300_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2478-1","volume":"19","author":"A Kassa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kassa, A. et al. Utilization of preconception care in northern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 19, 347 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"58300_CR14","unstructured":"Gezahegn, Y. et al. Preconception care utilization in Hawassa City, Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth (2021)."},{"key":"58300_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0422-2","volume":"14","author":"Y Ayalew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ayalew, Y., Mulat, A., Dile, M. & Simegn, A. Preconception care in Adet, Northwest Ethiopia. Reprod. Health. 14, 15 (2017).","journal-title":"Reprod. 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(2011)."},{"key":"58300_CR20","unstructured":"Girma, M. et al. Viral load testing coverage among HIV-positive women in selected health facilities in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. BMC Infect. Dis. (2017)."},{"key":"58300_CR21","unstructured":"Tadesse, M. et al. Viral load monitoring and HIV care outcomes among women on ART in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AIDS Res. Ther. (2019)."},{"key":"58300_CR22","unstructured":"Temesgen, K. et al. Determinants of preconception care utilization among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Systematic review. BMC Public. Health (2020)."},{"key":"58300_CR23","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Report on Social Determinants of Maternal Health Service Utilization (WHO, 2019)."},{"key":"58300_CR24","unstructured":"Yohannes, Z. et al. Employment status and maternal health service utilization among women in Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health (2018)."},{"key":"58300_CR25","unstructured":"Worku, A. G. et al. Parity and maternal health service utilization in Ethiopia: Evidence from community-based studies. Reprod. Health (2018)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-58300-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-58300-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-58300-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T01:02:24Z","timestamp":1784595744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-58300-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["58300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-58300-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9505909\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance obtained from the ethical review committee of Arbaminch College of Health Sciences. All concerned bodies officially contacted through letters and permission obtained at all levels. Institutions included in this study asked permission using formal letters from the Arbaminch College of health science. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all respondents. Each study participant was informed about confidentiality or privacy throughout the whole process. The collected data was kept with firm confidentiality in a much secure place.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical consideration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applied.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial number","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"22677"}}