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SB has poor aqueous solubility, which limits its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. To overcome these limitations, a pH-responsive gelatin\/polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gel\/PVP) nanogel was synthesized via \u03b3-irradiation (5\u00a0kGy) for controlled SB delivery. SB\/PVP solid dispersions were first prepared by solvent evaporation to enhance dissolution, then incorporated into the preformed Gel\/PVP nanogel in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), yielding the SB\/Gel\/PVP formulation. FTIR confirmed effective crosslinking between gelatin and PVP and successful SB encapsulation, while XRD revealed an amorphous state favorable for solubility. TEM micrograph of SB\/Gel\/PVP showed cubic nanoparticles\u2009&lt;\u200950\u00a0nm, with a zero-point charge at pH 5.5. The nanogel achieved SB entrapment efficiency of 82% and a loading capacity of 3.34%. In vitro release studies demonstrated pH-responsive behavior, with SB release threefold higher than free drug after 6\u00a0h, and the highest release was observed at pH 4.5. The MTT assay confirmed that the SB\/Gel\/PVP nanogel significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation compared with free SB (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, the biochemical and histopathological analyses of liver and kidney tissues in rats treated with SB or SB\/Gel\/PVP (25\u00a0mg\/kg) indicated good biocompatibility. Collectively, these findings highlight Gel\/PVP nanogels as a promising platform for sustained and targeted SB delivery in pharmaceutical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-58355-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:33:23Z","timestamp":1782452003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of pH-responsive gelatin\/PVP nanogel by gamma radiation for controlled delivery of silibinin"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3760-2024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zakaria Mohamed","family":"Alghzzawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Hussein","family":"Awwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek Khaled","family":"Elmaghraby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaa Abd El-Hamid","family":"Hagag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azza Elsayed","family":"Kayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Mohamady","family":"Ghobashy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5318-602X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Elbarbary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa Sabry","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"58355_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2022.2070299","volume":"29","author":"J Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, J. et al. 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