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Exploiting nanotechnology benefits in drug delivery, FBX was incorporated into chitosan-coated niosomes (Chitosomes). Using a 2\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    factorial design, eight formulations were characterized for their entrapment efficiency percentage, particle size, and zeta potential. The optimum (FBX) loaded chitosomes displayed a mean particle size of 339\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u00a0nm, an entrapment efficiency of 91.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33%, and a Zeta potential of +\u200926.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 mV. In vitro cytotoxicity studies performed on Hela cells indicated a significant (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) decrease in IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value around 3-fold compared with pure FBX. The cellular uptake showed a 2-fold increase compared to the free drug. Upon studying the cell death cycle, it was revealed that apoptotic cell death was caused by the drug in the G1\/S phase. Altogether, these findings revealed that the optimized chitosomal dispersion exhibited superior cytotoxic activity compared to free FBX, indicating it as a promising efficient and biocompatible delivery system for cervical cancer treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-58557-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T20:33:52Z","timestamp":1782074032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Formulation, characterization and evaluation of cytotoxic potential for febuxostat loaded chitosomes against cervical cancer cells (Hela cells)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Wedad","family":"Sakran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Abdel\u2011Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania S.","family":"Abdel\u2011Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"58557_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557522666220128155525","volume":"23","author":"R Shafabakhsh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shafabakhsh, R., Reiter, R. 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