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In order to deal with these drawbacks, this paper suggests a new prism-based, multi-resonant SPR biosensor with an Ag\/BaTiO3\/Black Phosphorus (BP) heterostructure. The goal is to improve field confinement, responsive refractive index and multiplexing capability to detected cancer biomarkers at an early-stage. The transfer matrix method was used to model the biosensor design and this was confirmed by finite element-based electromagnetic finite element simulations. The main plasmonic coating is Silver, BaTiO3 is a high-permittivity dielectric spacer to stabilize field coupling and the anisotropic BP is the active sensing material. Results of the simulation show an angular sensitivity of 412.14\u00b0\/RIU and a figure of merit (FOM) of 352.26 RIU\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\u20091<\/jats:sup>\n                    and a perception of 1.06\/\u00b0, which is better than most state-of-the-art designs. Also, the sensor has multi-resonance behavior, which allows detecting multiple biomarkers with characteristic angular shifts simultaneously, thereby improving the diagnostic reliability and specificity. The paper shows that ferroelectric spacer of BaTiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    and 2D BP layer integration results in a synergistic increase in resolution of sensors, environmental stability and spectral sharpness. The characteristics of the sensor also qualify it as a good contender of real-time, label-free, and non-invasive cancer diagnostics. This platform has future application of extending this to the lab-on-chip level, wearable sensors, and AI based spectral classification with widespread biomedical use. In contrast to more traditional Ag\u2013dielectric 2D material SPR designs that require enhancement of a single mode resonance, the presented sensor is based on a prism-based multi-resonant heterostructure using Ag\/BaTiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/black phosphorus and allows simultaneous excitation of numerous sharp plasmonic modes. High permittivity BaTiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    as a middle-level layer offers a great benefit to enhancing the confining of electromagnetic fields and splitting of the modes to generate ultra-high angular sensitivity and a better figure of merit. The multi-resonant approach offers a paradigm shift in sensing that can be used in multi-purpose plexus of early cancer biomarkers sensing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-58593-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T20:46:17Z","timestamp":1781729177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early cancer biomarker detection using a prism-based multi-resonant Ag\/BaTiO\u2083\/BP plasmonic sensor"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4707-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Vimal Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6400-6602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Bhuvaneswary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0073-4317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Thenmoezhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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