{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:50:46Z","timestamp":1792785046823,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":85,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xzytt36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea and associated symptoms among adolescent girls. This school based cross-sectional study was conducted among 5,000 adolescent girls from 55 randomly selected schools. The data were collected by using Dysmenorrhea questionnaire and numerical pain rating scale along with demographic details. The data were analysed using Jamovi -open statistical software version 2.6.44. A bivariate logistic regression model was computed and variables whose p-value was &lt;\u20090.05 in the bivariate logistic regression analysis were further included in the multiple logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea was found among 3441 (68.82%), 1686 (49.01%) had mild pain, 1496 (43.4%) had moderate pain, 259 (7.52%) had severe pain. Multiple logistic regression revealed, factors such as mothers with and without dysmenorrhea, having menstruation more than once in a month, menstruation once in two months, lethargy and tiredness day before menstruation, lethargy and tiredness day after, irritability on the day before menstruation, and constipation on the first day of menstruation were associated with primary dysmenorrhea. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea is high among adolescent girls, which highlights the need for early diagnosis and development and implementation of interventions to promote the school health and wellbeing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-59005-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T02:25:19Z","timestamp":1782267919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in India: a school-based cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anice","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linu Sara","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil Raj","family":"Assariparambil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Annapoorna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinutha R.","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ravishankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0798-7827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalini Ganesh","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"59005_CR1","first-page":"51","volume":"23","author":"M Sharghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharghi, M. et al. An update and systematic review on the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. J. Bras. Reprod. Assist. 23, 51\u201357 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Bras. Reprod. Assist."},{"key":"59005_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.21.0103","volume":"43","author":"R Itani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Itani, R. et al. Primary Dysmenorrhea: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Updates. Korean J. Fam Med. 43, 101\u2013108 (2022).","journal-title":"Korean J. Fam Med."},{"key":"59005_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0873-4","volume":"20","author":"AW Azagew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azagew, A. W., Kassie, D. G. & Walle, T. A. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea, its intensity, impact and associated factors among female students\u2019 at Gondar town preparatory school, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 20, 1\u20138 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"59005_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S384275","volume":"14","author":"M Mammo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mammo, M., Alemayehu, M. & Ambaw, G. Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea, Its Intensity and Associated Factors Among Female Students at High Schools of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study Design. Int. J. Womens Health. 14, 1569\u20131577 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Health"},{"key":"59005_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2015.07.001","volume":"16","author":"N Habibi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Habibi, N., Huang, M. S. L., Gan, W. Y., Zulida, R. & Safavi, S. M. Prevalence of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Factors Associated with Its Intensity Among Undergraduate Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Manag Nurs. 16, 855\u2013861 (2015).","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs."},{"key":"59005_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"22","author":"LMV de Rosero","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Rosero, L. M. V. Prevalence of chronic pelvic pain and primary dysmenorrhea in women of reproductive age in Ecuador. BMC Womens Health. 22, 1\u201316 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"59005_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01532-w","volume":"21","author":"S Karout","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karout, S. et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and management practices of primary dysmenorrhea among young females. BMC Womens Health. 21, 1\u201315 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"59005_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0552-x","volume":"18","author":"AA Muluneh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muluneh, A. A., Nigussie, T., seyuom, Gebreslasie, K. Z., Anteneh, K. T. & Kassa, Z. Y. Prevalence and associated factors of dysmenorrhea among secondary and preparatory school students in Debremarkos town, North-West Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 18, 1\u20138 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"59005_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"F Petraglia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petraglia, F., Bernardi, M., Lazzeri, L., Perelli, F. & Reis, F. M. Dysmenorrhea and related disorders. F1000Research 6, 1\u20137 (2017).","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"59005_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004096","volume":"136","author":"E Ferries-Rowe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferries-Rowe, E., Corey, E. & Archer, J. S. Primary Dysmenorrhea: Diagnosis and Therapy. Obstet. Gynecol. 136, 1047\u20131058 (2020).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"59005_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernardi, M., Lazzeri, L., Perelli, F., Reis, F. M. & Petraglia, F. Dysmenorrhea and related disorders [version 1; peer review: 3 approved]. F1000Research 6, 1\u20137 (2017).","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11682.1"},{"key":"59005_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/0167482X.2018.1470619","volume":"40","author":"Z Bajalan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bajalan, Z., Moafi, F., Moradibaglooei, M. & Alimoradi, Z. Mental health and primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review. J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynecol. 40, 185\u2013194 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"59005_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026813","volume":"9","author":"L Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, L., Tang, L., Guo, S., Kaminga, A. C. & Xu, H. Primary dysmenorrhea and self-care strategies among Chinese college girls: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 9, 1\u20139 (2019).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"59005_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv039","volume":"21","author":"S Iacovides","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iacovides, S., Avidon, I. & Baker, F. C. What we know about primary dysmenorrhea today: A critical review. Hum. Reprod. Update. 21, 762\u2013778 (2015).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"59005_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moghadamnia, A. A., Mirhosseini, N. & Abadi, M. H. Effect of Clupeonella grimmi (anchovy \/ kilka) fish oil on dysmenorrhoea. East Mediterr. Heal J. 16, (2010).","DOI":"10.26719\/2010.16.4.408"},{"key":"59005_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2019.04.002","volume":"36","author":"S Omidvar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Omidvar, S., Nasiri-amiri, F. & Bakhtiari, A. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice Clinical trial for the management dysmenorrhea using selected spices. Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract. 36, 34\u201338 (2019).","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"59005_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330600629583","volume":"27","author":"CH Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen, C. H., Lin, Y. H., Heitkemper, M. & Wu, K. M. The self-care strategies of girls with primary dysmenorrhea: A focus group study in Taiwan. Health Care Women Int. 27, 418\u2013427 (2006).","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int."},{"key":"59005_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.07.012","author":"V Chaudhary","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chaudhary, V. et al. Burden and risk factors of dysmenorrhea among students in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Med. J. Armed Forces India. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mjafi.2025.07.012 (2025).","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"59005_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nayak, S. G. et al. Meditation and yoga impact on dysmenorrhea (MY-ID): a study protocol. F1000Research 11, 590 (2022).","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.111219.1"},{"key":"59005_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S303305","volume":"14","author":"R Atisook","year":"2021","unstructured":"Atisook, R., Euasobhon, P., Saengsanon, A. & Jensen, M. P. Validity and utility of four pain intensity measures for use in international research. J. Pain Res. 14, 1129\u20131139 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"59005_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3045","volume":"9","author":"V Bewick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bewick, V., Cheek, L. & Ball, J. Statistics review 14: Logistic regression. Crit. Care. 9, 112\u2013118 (2005).","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"59005_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v8n8p135","volume":"8","author":"S Omidvar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Omidvar, S., Bakouei, F., Amiri, F. N. & Begum, K. Primary Dysmenorrhea and Menstrual Symptoms in Indian Female Students: Prevalence, Impact and Management. Glob J. Health Sci. 8, 135 (2015).","journal-title":"Glob J. Health Sci."},{"key":"59005_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.161345","volume":"4","author":"M Kural","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kural, M., Noor, N., Pandit, D., Joshi, T. & Patil, A. Menstrual characteristics and prevalence of dysmenorrhea in college going girls. J. Fam Med. Prim. Care. 4, 426 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Fam Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"59005_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horvat, M. et al. Prevalence of primary dysmenorrhoea and its impact on academic performance among Croatian students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obstet. Gynecol. Int. 2023 (2023).","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2953762"},{"key":"59005_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02878-z","volume":"24","author":"J Barbosa-Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barbosa-Silva, J. et al. Prevalence, pain intensity and symptoms associated with primary dysmenorrhea: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 24, 1\u20139 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"59005_CR26","unstructured":"Proctor, M. & MFarquhar, C. Women\u2019s health Search date July 2006 Women\u2019s health Dysmenorrhoea. Clin. Evid. 1\u201325 (2007)."},{"key":"59005_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000230214.26638.0c","volume":"108","author":"MY Dawood","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dawood, M. Y. Primary dysmenorrhea: advances in pathogenesis and management. Obstet. Gynecol. 108, 428\u2013441 (2006).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"59005_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)30395-4","volume":"27","author":"G Lefebvre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lefebvre, G. et al. Primary dysmenorrhea consensus guideline. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can. 27, 1117\u20131146 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can."},{"key":"59005_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_159_17","volume":"7","author":"P Negi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Negi, P., Mishra, A. & Lakhera, P. Menstrual abnormalities and their association with lifestyle pattern in adolescent girls of Garhwal, India. J. Fam Med. Prim. Care. 7, 804\u2013804 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Fam Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"59005_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150041","volume":"11","author":"RM Telford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Telford, R. M., Telford, R. D., Olive, L. S., Cochrane, T. & Davey, R. Why are girls less physically active than boys? Findings from the LOOK longitudinal study. PLoS One. 11, 1\u201311 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"59005_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.05.005","volume":"30","author":"M Rosselli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rosselli, M. et al. Gender differences in barriers to physical activity among adolescents. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 30, 1582\u20131589 (2020).","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"59005_CR32","unstructured":"WHO. 85% of adolescent girls don\u2019t do enough physical activity: new WHO study calls for action. https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news\/item\/04-03-2022-85-of-adolescent-girls-don-t-do-enough-physical-activity-new-who-study-calls-for-action (2022)."},{"key":"59005_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1111","volume":"9","author":"E Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez, E. et al. Pain management and coping strategies for primary dysmenorrhea: A qualitative study among female nursing students. Nurs. Open. 9, 637\u2013645 (2022).","journal-title":"Nurs. Open."},{"key":"59005_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01988-4","volume":"22","author":"F N\u00ed Ch\u00e9ileachair","year":"2022","unstructured":"N\u00ed Ch\u00e9ileachair, F., McGuire, B. E. & Durand, H. Coping with dysmenorrhea: a qualitative analysis of period pain management among students who menstruate. BMC Womens Health. 22, 1\u201311 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"59005_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2010.01362.x","volume":"37","author":"M Tavallaee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tavallaee, M., Joffres, M. R., Corber, S. J., Bayanzadeh, M. & Rad, M. M. The prevalence of menstrual pain and associated risk factors among Iranian women. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 37, 442\u2013451 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"59005_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.05.010","volume":"107","author":"N Ozerdogan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ozerdogan, N., Sayiner, D., Ayranci, U., Unsal, A. & Giray, S. Prevalence and predictors of dysmenorrhea among students at a university in Turkey. Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 107, 39\u201343 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"59005_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rathod, H., Rathi, S., Tiwari, S. & Borgaonkar, C. Study of menstrual patterns, abnormalities, and irregularities in students. Cureus 15, (2023).","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.40206"},{"key":"59005_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balachandar, M., Selvanathan, J., Revathi, B. & Sivanesh, H. & R, A. R. A survey on factors influencing dysmenorrhea among women in Kanchipuram District Tamil Nadu. 14, 2498\u20132506 (2025).","DOI":"10.63682\/jns.v14i32S.7771"},{"key":"59005_CR39","first-page":"3592","volume":"8","author":"DA Bavil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bavil, D. A., Dolatian, M., Mahmoodi, Z. & Baghban, A. A. Comparison of lifestyles of women with and without dysmenorrhea. Electron. Physician. 8, 3592\u20133597 (2016).","journal-title":"Electron. Physician"},{"key":"59005_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89038-5","volume":"15","author":"YL Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, Y. L. & Zhu, H. L. The prevalence and associated risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea among women in Beijing: a cross-sectional study. Sci. Rep. 15, 1\u201311 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"59005_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043814","volume":"11","author":"M Tadese","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tadese, M., Kassa, A., Muluneh, A. A. & Altaye, G. Prevalence of dysmenorrhoea, associated risk factors and its relationship with academic performance among graduating female university students in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 11, 1\u20139 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"59005_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acheampong, K. et al. Prevalence and predictors of dysmenorrhea, its effect, and coping mechanisms among adolescents in Shai Osudoku district, Ghana. Obstet. Gynecol. Int. 2019 (2019).","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5834159"},{"key":"59005_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_113_18","volume":"7","author":"Mohammed Abadi Alsaleem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohammed Abadi Alsaleem. Dysmenorrhea, associated symptoms, and management among students at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia: An exploratory study. J. Fam Med. Prim. Care. 7, 769\u2013774 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Fam Med. Prim. Care"},{"key":"59005_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francavilla, R. et al. Dysmenorrhea: epidemiology, causes and current state of the art for treatment. Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. 50, (2023).","DOI":"10.31083\/j.ceog5012274"},{"key":"59005_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041191","volume":"17","author":"Z Barcikowska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barcikowska, Z., Rajkowska-Labon, E., Grzybowska, M. E., Hansdorfer-Korzon, R. & Zorena, K. Inflammatory markers in dysmenorrhea and therapeutic options. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 17, 1\u201314 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"59005_CR46","unstructured":"Rao, K. A., Chandra, S. & Kasture, P. N. Role of prostaglandins in pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea and place of mefenamic acid and dicyclomine in its management. Indian J. Clin. Pract. 32, (2022)."},{"issue":"49","key":"59005_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000040906","volume":"103","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, J., Wang, Y., Wu, L., Wang, L. & Fang, H. Study on the influencing factors of primary dysmenorrhea in female college students. Medicine (Baltimore) 103 (49), 1\u20137 (2024).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim)."},{"key":"59005_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02629-0","volume":"23","author":"B Jeon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeon, B. & Baek, J. Menstrual disturbances and its association with sleep disturbances: a systematic review. BMC Womens Health. 23, 1\u201319 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-59005-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-59005-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-59005-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:47:48Z","timestamp":1789598868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-59005-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["59005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-59005-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The corresponding author is serving as one of the editors for Scientific Reports, otherwise, we have no competing interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"28947"}}