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Because alpha-band activity can index top-down control when sensory evidence is degraded, we examined whether spectral degradation increases the cognitive demand required to form stable affective judgments in music. Forty-eight healthy participants were divided into three groups: high-frequency hearing loss simulation (HF\n                    <jats:sub>sim<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), low-frequency hearing loss simulation (LF\n                    <jats:sub>sim<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and normal hearing (NH). Participants rated the arousal and valence of filtered musical stimuli (happy, sad, neutral) during EEG recording. HF\n                    <jats:sub>sim<\/jats:sub>\n                    showed dimension- and context-dependent alpha modulations. In the happy condition, arousal ratings and alpha power were comparable across groups, whereas valence judgments showed behavioral differences and late-stage alpha increases in HF\n                    <jats:sub>sim,<\/jats:sub>\n                    consistent with reduced certainty when high-frequency cues supporting positive valence are degraded. In the sad condition, behavioral ratings were preserved, yet HF\n                    <jats:sub>sim<\/jats:sub>\n                    showed sustained alpha increases during arousal judgments, suggesting compensatory inhibitory-gating processes that may support stable appraisal under degraded listening. Overall, spectral degradation appears to elicit compensatory cognitive processing: alpha power increases index higher demands for happy-valence with reduced HF cues, and compensatory gating that maintains sad low-arousal appraisal.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-59462-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T10:35:08Z","timestamp":1782383708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cortical responses to the lack of high-frequency cues in musical emotion perception"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jihyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hye","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo-Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"59462_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1868","volume":"173","author":"FR Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin, F. 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