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This study evaluated circulating tRF-Gly-GCC in patients with active Crohn\u2019s disease (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920), inactive Crohn\u2019s disease (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200920), colorectal cancer (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924), and healthy controls (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200921). Serum tRF-Gly-GCC expression levels showed a directional increase across disease states, from controls to inactive Crohn\u2019s disease, active disease, and colorectal cancer. A Jonckheere\u2013Terpstra test formally confirmed a significant monotonic increase (z\u2009=\u20097.896,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The marker distinguished colorectal cancer from controls with high sensitivity (95.8%) and specificity (95.2%), and differentiated colorectal cancer from Crohn\u2019s disease with sensitivity of 95.8% and specificity of 80.0%. It also distinguished active from inactive Crohn\u2019s disease with 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity. In Crohn\u2019s disease, tRF-Gly-GCC correlated with disease activity indices but not with fecal calprotectin. These findings suggest that circulating tRF-Gly-GCC reflects intestinal inflammatory activity and may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for disease assessment and differentiation between inflammatory and malignant conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-59591-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:29:21Z","timestamp":1782851361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating tRF-Gly-GCC as a biomarker for colorectal cancer and Crohn\u2019s disease activity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Salah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Dwedar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Nassra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Zahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"59591_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564572","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1564572","volume":"15","author":"H Akk\u0131z","year":"2025","unstructured":"Akk\u0131z, H. et al. 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