{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:50:49Z","timestamp":1792785049080,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":92,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031529","name":"Knowledge Consortium Of Gujarat","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KCG\/0062\/10\/2025\/ RFS457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KCG\/0062\/10\/2025\/ RFS457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031529","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Anusandhan National Research Foundation of India","award":["ANRF\/PAIR\/2025\/000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRF\/PAIR\/2025\/000008"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00d4e4338","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-60249-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:07:25Z","timestamp":1782925645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global metabolomic profiling of serum biomarkers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jalpa","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiral","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Panchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3772-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rushikesh","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"60249_CR1","first-page":"263349412091303","volume":"14","author":"P Rao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rao, P. & Bhide, P. Controversies in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Ther. Adv. Reprod. Heal. 14, 263349412091303 (2020).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Reprod. Heal"},{"issue":"9","key":"60249_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13091559","volume":"13","author":"D Fahs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fahs, D., Salloum, D., Nasrallah, M. & Ghazeeri, G. Polycystic ovary syndrome: Pathophysiology and controversies in diagnosis. Diagnostics 13(9), 1\u201313 (2023).","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"60249_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.03.005","author":"H Chaudhary","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chaudhary, H. et al. Impact of CYP19A1 genetic variations on polycystic ovary syndrome: Findings from a case-control study. Fertil. Steril. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xfss.2025.03.005 (2025).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril. Sci."},{"issue":"04","key":"60249_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1142\/S2661318223740043","volume":"05","author":"M Patil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patil, M. The prevalence of PCOS in South Asia. Fertil. Reprod. 05(04), 190\u2013190 (2023).","journal-title":"Fertil. Reprod."},{"key":"60249_CR5","unstructured":"Nair, G. R., Jishamol, K. & Navami, S. Advancements in diagnostic approaches for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A comprehensive review. ;11(6), 903\u2013908 (2023)."},{"issue":"2","key":"60249_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2024.2430775","volume":"62","author":"A Naigaonkar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Naigaonkar, A., Dadachanji, R., Kumari, M. & Mukherjee, S. Insight into metabolic dysregulation of polycystic ovary syndrome utilizing metabolomic signatures: a narrative review. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 62(2), 85\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408363.2024.2430775 (2024).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"60249_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2018","volume":"99","author":"DS Wishart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wishart, D. S. Metabolomics for investigating physiological and pathophysiological processes. Physiol. Rev. 99(4), 1819\u20131875 (2019).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"60249_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aderemi, A. V., Ayeleso, A. O., Oyedapo, O. O. & Mukwevho, E. Metabolomics A scoping review of its role as a tool for disease biomarker discovery in selected non-communicable diseases. Metabolites. 11(7) (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11070418"},{"key":"60249_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. Metabolic profiles characterizing different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: Plasma metabolomics analysis. BMC Med. 10 (2012).","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-153"},{"issue":"1","key":"60249_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-021-01058-y","volume":"14","author":"Y Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu, Y. et al. Untargeted metabolomic approach to study the serum metabolites in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Med. Genomics. 14(1), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12920-021-01058-y (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genomics"},{"key":"60249_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang, A. Y. et al. Combining a nontargeted and targeted metabolomics approach to identify metabolic pathways significantly altered in polycystic ovary syndrome, Vol. 71, Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 52\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.03.002 (Elsevier Inc., 2017).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.03.002"},{"key":"60249_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joshi, R., Patel, J. & Chaudhary, H. Comparing the Metabolomic Landscape of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome within Urban and Rural Environments. https:\/\/figshare.com\/articles\/dataset\/_b_Comparing_the_Metabolomic_Landscape_of_Polycystic_Ovary_Syndrome_within_Urban_and_Rural_Environments_b_\/28891628 (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00985-6"},{"issue":"11","key":"60249_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112589","volume":"15","author":"WM Wolf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolf, W. M., Wattick, R. A., Kinkade, O. N. & Olfert, M. D. Geographical prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome as determined by region and race\/ethnicity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 15(11), 1\u201313 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"60249_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108949","volume":"135","author":"J Patel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patel, J., Chaudhary, H., Panchal, S. & Joshi, R. Plasticizer exposure and reproductive dysfunction: Assessing bisphenol A and phthalate esters impact on ovarian reserve in women with PCOS-associated infertility. Reprod. Toxicol. 135, 108949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2025.108949 (2025).","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"60249_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108562","volume":"125","author":"J Patel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel, J., Chaudhary, H., Panchal, S., Joshi, T. & Joshi, R. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and hormonal profiles in PCOS women : A comparative study between urban and rural environment. Reprod. Toxicol. 125, 108562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108562 (2024).","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"60249_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-023-01654-0","volume":"16","author":"H Chaudhary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chaudhary, H. et al. Association of FTO gene variant rs9939609 with polycystic ovary syndrome from Gujarat, India. BMC Med. Genomics. 16(1), 1\u20139 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genomics"},{"key":"60249_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humgen.2024.201279","volume":"40","author":"H Gene","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gene, H. et al. Investigating the interplay between AMH gene polymorphism rs10407022 and clinical indicators in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum. Gene. 40, 201279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humgen.2024.201279 (2024).","journal-title":"Hum. Gene"},{"key":"60249_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, J., Chaudhary, H., Panchal, S., Rajput, K. & Joshi, R. Investigating the impact of phthalate exposure on endocrine function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Endocr. Disord. (2026).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-026-02166-5"},{"key":"60249_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.12.007","volume":"260","author":"NA Malini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malini, N. A. & Roy George, K. Evaluation of different ranges of LH:FSH ratios in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) \u2013 Clinical based case control study. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 260, 51\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygcen.2017.12.007 (2018).","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"60249_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E707","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00532.2018","volume":"316","author":"M Cree-Green","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cree-Green, M. et al. Amino acid and fatty acid metabolomic profile during fasting and hyperinsulinemia in girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Am. J. Physiol. - Endocrinol. Metab. 316(5), E707\u2013E718 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. - Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"60249_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.01.025","volume":"121","author":"YX Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, Y. X. et al. UHPLC\/Q-TOFMS-based plasma metabolomics of polycystic ovary syndrome patients with and without insulin resistance. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 121, 141\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2016.01.025 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"issue":"1","key":"60249_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livres.2017.05.001","volume":"1","author":"JYL Chiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiang, J. Y. L. Bile acid metabolism and signaling in liver disease and therapy. Liver Res. 1(1), 3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livres.2017.05.001 (2017).","journal-title":"Liver Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"60249_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2619","volume":"7","author":"C Thomas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thomas, C., Pellicciari, R., Pruzanski, M., Auwerx, J. & Schoonjans, K. Targeting bile-acid signalling for metabolic diseases. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 7(8), 678\u2013693 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov"},{"key":"60249_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01853","volume":"9","author":"S Fiorucci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fiorucci, S., Biagioli, M., Zampella, A. & Distrutti, E. Bile acids activated receptors regulate innate immunity. Front. Immunol. 9, 1\u201317 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"60249_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2015.03.002","volume":"35","author":"C He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He, C., Shan, Y. & Song, W. Targeting gut microbiota as a possible therapy for diabetes. Nutr. Res. 35(5), 361\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nutres.2015.03.002 (2015).","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"60249_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-1228","volume":"58","author":"JM Haus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Haus, J. M. et al. Plasma ceramides are elevated in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and correlate with the severity of insulin resistance. Diabetes 58(2), 337\u2013343 (2009).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"60249_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.07.006","volume":"26","author":"B Chaurasia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaurasia, B. & Summers, S. A. Ceramides - lipotoxic inducers of metabolic disorders. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 26(10), 538\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2015.07.006 (2015).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"60249_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38944-6","volume":"9","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Alterations of sphingolipid metabolism in different types of polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci. Rep. 9(1), 1\u201311 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"60249_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1290","volume":"96","author":"L Manner\u00e5s-Holm","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manner\u00e5s-Holm, L. et al. Adipose tissue has aberrant morphology and function in PCOS: Enlarged adipocytes and low serum adiponectin, but not circulating sex steroids, are strongly associated with insulin resistance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96(2), 304\u2013311 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"60249_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u017cegowska, K., Plewa, S., Mantaj, U., Pawelczyk, L. & Matysiak, J. Serum metabolomics in pcos women with different body mass index. J. Clin. Med. 10(13) (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132811"},{"key":"60249_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeber-Lubecka, N., Ciebiera, M. & Hennig, E. E. Polycystic ovary syndrome and oxidative stress\u2014from bench to bedside. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24(18) (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814126"},{"key":"60249_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2020.02.006","volume":"52","author":"P Shukla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shukla, P. & Mukherjee, S. Mitochondrial dysfunction: An emerging link in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mitochondrion 52, 24\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mito.2020.02.006 (2020).","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"60249_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Lipidomics revealed aberrant lipid metabolism caused by inflammation in cardiac tissue in the early stage of systemic lupus erythematosus in a murine model. Metabolites 12(5) (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12050415"},{"issue":"3","key":"60249_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.02.029","volume":"97","author":"J Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. The protective effect of resveratrol on islet insulin secretion and morphology in mice on a high-fat diet. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 97(3), 474\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.02.029 (2012).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"60249_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying, L., Tippetts, T. S. & Chaurasia, B. Ceramide dependent lipotoxicity in metabolic diseases. 5, 1\u201312 (2019).","DOI":"10.3233\/NHA-170032"},{"issue":"11","key":"60249_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvac131","volume":"6","author":"A Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma, A. et al. The use of ceramides to predict metabolic response to metformin in women with PCOS. J. Endocr. Soc. 6(11), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvac131 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"60249_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Summers, S. A. Progress in lipid research ceramides in insulin resistance and lipotoxicity. 45, 42\u201372 (2006).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2005.11.002"},{"key":"60249_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W. & Zhang, B. Bile acid metabolism regulates ovarian function: networks and reproductive health applications. (2026).","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2026.10035"},{"key":"60249_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1239276","volume":"14","author":"J Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, J. et al. Circulating bile acid profile characteristics in PCOS patients and the role of bile acids in predicting the pathogenesis of PCOS. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne). 14, 1\u201311 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"60249_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel, J., Chaudhary, H., Parekh, B. & Joshi, R. Exploring gut microbiome alterations and hormonal imbalances in polycystic ovary syndrome: insights from a comparative study. (2026).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-026-02081-2"},{"key":"60249_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moran, L. J., Mundra, P. A., Teede, H. J. & Meikle, P. J. The association of the lipidomic profile with features of polycystic ovary syndrome. (2017).","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-17-0023"},{"key":"60249_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siemers, K. M., Klein, A. K. & Baack, M. L. Mitochondrial dysfunction in PCOS: Insights into reproductive organ pathophysiology. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24(17) (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713123"},{"issue":"14","key":"60249_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144853","volume":"21","author":"A Rajska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajska, A., Buszewska-Forajta, M., Racho\u0144, D. & Markuszewski, M. J. Metabolomic insight into polycystic ovary syndrome\u2014An overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21(14), 1\u201321 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60249-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60249-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60249-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:36:42Z","timestamp":1790854602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60249-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["60249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-60249-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) (GU-IEC(NIV)\/02\/Ph.D.\/007) at the University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, approved this study. All participants provided informed consent. All research was conducted following relevant guidelines and regulations. These guidelines align with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration, which emphasizes protecting human subjects in research.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"30345"}}