{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:54:36Z","timestamp":1791248076370,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":91,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00223764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00223764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-60509-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T02:47:35Z","timestamp":1783392455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic kidney disease is associated with greater post-stroke cognitive decline in a nationwide longitudinal cohort"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hyo Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whanhee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Woon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1288-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dougho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"60509_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0779-7","author":"MD Mijajlovic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mijajlovic, M. D. et al. Post-stroke dementia - a comprehensive review. BMC Med. 15, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-017-0779-7 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"60509_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2021.02376","volume":"23","author":"JS Lim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lim, J. S., Lee, J. J. & Woo, C. W. Post-stroke cognitive impairment: Pathophysiological insights into brain disconnectome from advanced neuroimaging analysis techniques. J. Stroke. 23, 297\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5853\/jos.2021.02376 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Stroke"},{"key":"60509_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-025-00963-0","volume":"21","author":"G Capasso","year":"2025","unstructured":"Capasso, G. et al. Drivers and mechanisms of cognitive decline in chronic kidney disease. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 21, 536\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-025-00963-0 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"60509_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2026.501473","volume":"46","author":"B Marques da Silva","year":"2026","unstructured":"Marques da Silva, B., Silveira, I., Antonio Lopes, J. & Gameiro, J. Enhancing chronic kidney disease care through risk prediction: A review of the kidney failure risk equation. Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 46, 501473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nefroe.2026.501473 (2026).","journal-title":"Nefrologia (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"60509_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01853-7","volume":"406","author":"GBDCKD Collaborators","year":"2025","unstructured":"Collaborators, G. B. D. C. K. D. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease in adults, 1990\u20132023, and its attributable risk factors: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet 406, 2461\u20132482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01853-7 (2025).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"60509_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sfae235","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae235","volume":"17","author":"Y Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang, Y., Jiang, J., Zhao, Y. & Du, D. Aging and chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, therapy, management and the role of immunity. Clin. Kidney J. 17, sfae235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfae235 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"60509_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-320526","volume":"91","author":"D Kelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kelly, D. & Rothwell, P. M. Disentangling the multiple links between renal dysfunction and cerebrovascular disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 91, 88\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2019-320526 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"60509_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1159\/000502446","volume":"50","author":"S Ghoshal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghoshal, S. & Freedman, B. I. Mechanisms of stroke in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am. J. Nephrol. 50, 229\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000502446 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"60509_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19866733","volume":"39","author":"B Chelluboina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chelluboina, B. & Vemuganti, R. Chronic kidney disease in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke. J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab. 39, 1893\u20131905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X19866733 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab."},{"key":"60509_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001214","volume":"22","author":"L Spatola","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spatola, L., Rivera, R. F., Migliore, F., Bilato, C. & Mugnai, G. Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices in hemodialysis patients: an updated review. J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown). 22, 867\u2013873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001214 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"60509_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.20.202","volume":"40","author":"YA Hong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hong, Y. A. et al. Trends in epidemiologic characteristics of end-stage renal disease from 2019 Korean Renal Data System (KORDS). Kidney Res. Clin. Pract. 40, 52\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23876\/j.krcp.20.202 (2021).","journal-title":"Kidney Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"60509_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686","volume":"143","author":"J Jankowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jankowski, J., Floege, J., Fliser, D., Bohm, M. & Marx, N. Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: Pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options. Circulation 143, 1157\u20131172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686 (2021).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"60509_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e711","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013205","volume":"98","author":"DM Kelly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kelly, D. M., Pendlebury, S. T. & Rothwell, P. M. Associations of chronic kidney disease with dementia before and after TIA and stroke: Population-based cohort study. Neurology 98, e711\u2013e720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013205 (2022).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"60509_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0745-9","volume":"14","author":"I Berger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berger, I. et al. Cognition in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 14, 206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-016-0745-9 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"60509_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785273","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.785273","volume":"12","author":"S Marini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marini, S., Georgakis, M. K. & Anderson, C. D. Interactions between kidney function and cerebrovascular disease: Vessel pathology that fires together wires together. Front. Neurol. 12, 785273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.785273 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"60509_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01942-7","volume":"407","author":"WG Herrington","year":"2026","unstructured":"Herrington, W. G., Judge, P. K., Grams, M. E. & Wanner, C. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet 407, 90\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01942-7 (2026).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"60509_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8871-2_1","volume":"1165","author":"JC Lv","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lv, J. C. & Zhang, L. X. Prevalence and disease burden of chronic kidney disease. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1165, 3\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-8871-2_1 (2019).","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"60509_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kidney Disease. Improving Global Outcomes, C. K. D. W. G. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 105, S117-S314, (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018"},{"key":"60509_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4235\/agmr.20.0036","volume":"24","author":"H Ga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ga, H. Long-term care system in Korea. Ann. Geriatr. Med. Res. 24, 181\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4235\/agmr.20.0036 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Geriatr. Med. Res."},{"key":"60509_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3831\/KPI.2025.28.1.1","volume":"28","author":"CY Kwon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kwon, C. Y. & Park, I. S. National Health Insurance data as a research tool in Korean medicine: a guide to database utilization and methodological approaches. J. Pharmacopunct. 28, 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3831\/KPI.2025.28.1.1 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacopunct."},{"key":"60509_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e111","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2025.40.e111","volume":"40","author":"SJ Lim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lim, S. J. & Jang, S. I. Leveraging National Health Insurance Service data for public health research in Korea: Structure, applications, and future directions. J. Korean Med. Sci. 40, e111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2025.40.e111 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"60509_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2021.492","volume":"37","author":"DS Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, D. S., Kim, S. W. & Gil, H. W. Emotional and cognitive changes in chronic kidney disease. Korean J. Intern. Med. 37, 489\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3904\/kjim.2021.492 (2022).","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"60509_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.22.234","volume":"41","author":"KY Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, K. Y. & Kim, E. A troubled mind troubles the kidney: a brain-to-kidney axis? Kidney Res. Clin. Pract. 41, 637\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23876\/j.krcp.22.234 (2022).","journal-title":"Kidney Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"60509_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2015.17.1.31","volume":"17","author":"K Toyoda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toyoda, K. Cerebral small vessel disease and chronic kidney disease. J. stroke. 17, 31 (2015).","journal-title":"J. stroke"},{"key":"60509_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33003","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033003","volume":"102","author":"D Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park, D., Jang, C. W., Cho, H. E., Kim, J. H. & Kim, H. S. Cognitive decline sensitivity by educational level and residential area: A descriptive study using long-term care insurance dementia registration data in South Korea. Med. (Baltim). 102, e33003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000033003 (2023).","journal-title":"Med. (Baltim)."},{"key":"60509_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-020-01755-1","volume":"133","author":"AG Rosas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosas, A. G., Stogmann, E. & Lehrner, J. Individual cognitive changes in subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease using the reliable change index methodology. Wien Klin. Wochenschr. 133, 1064\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-020-01755-1 (2021).","journal-title":"Wien Klin. Wochenschr"},{"key":"60509_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.7.1.41","volume":"7","author":"GJ Chelune","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chelune, G. J., Naugle, R. I., L\u00fcders, H., Sedlak, J. & Awad, I. A. Individual change after epilepsy surgery: Practice effects and base-rate information. Neuropsychology 7, 41\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0894-4105.7.1.41 (1993).","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"60509_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248","volume":"367","author":"LA Inker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Inker, L. A. et al. Estimating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine and cystatin C. N Engl. J. Med. 367, 20\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1114248 (2012).","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"60509_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.3954","volume":"307","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matsushita, K. et al. Comparison of risk prediction using the CKD-EPI equation and the MDRD study equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate. JAMA 307, 1941\u20131951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2012.3954 (2012).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"60509_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0292506","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292506","volume":"18","author":"C Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. Association between kidney measurements and cognitive performance in patients with ischemic stroke. PLoS One. 18, e0292506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0292506 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"60509_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2252387","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.52387","volume":"6","author":"H Stocker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stocker, H. et al. Association of kidney function with development of Alzheimer disease and other dementias and dementia-related blood biomarkers. JAMA Netw. Open. 6, e2252387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.52387 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"60509_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16954","volume":"69","author":"F Guerville","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guerville, F. et al. Kidney function and cognitive decline in older adults: Examining the role of neurodegeneration. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 69, 651\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.16954 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"60509_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0266-9","volume":"16","author":"D Viggiano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Viggiano, D. et al. Mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in CKD. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 16, 452\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-020-0266-9 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"60509_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.06.028","volume":"106","author":"S Zimmermann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zimmermann, S. et al. Chronic kidney disease leads to microglial potassium efflux and inflammasome activation in the brain. Kidney Int. 106, 1101\u20131116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2024.06.028 (2024).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"60509_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000675","volume":"36","author":"TD Andrews","year":"2025","unstructured":"Andrews, T. D., Day, G. S., Irani, S. R., Kanekiyo, T. & Hickson, L. J. Uremic toxins, CKD, and cognitive dysfunction. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 36, 1208\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.0000000675 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"60509_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01735-2","volume":"40","author":"M Cozza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cozza, M. & Boccardi, V. Cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and management strategies. Metab. Brain Dis. 40, 312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01735-2 (2025).","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"60509_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.06.014","volume":"44","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Watanabe, K., Watanabe, T. & Nakayama, M. Cerebro-renal interactions: impact of uremic toxins on cognitive function. Neurotoxicology 44, 184\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.06.014 (2014).","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"60509_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019070728","volume":"31","author":"M Bobot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bobot, M. et al. Uremic toxic blood-brain barrier disruption mediated by AhR activation leads to cognitive impairment during experimental renal dysfunction. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 31, 1509\u20131521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2019070728 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"60509_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e328","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029680","volume":"52","author":"DM Kelly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kelly, D. M. et al. Chronic kidney disease and cerebrovascular disease: Consensus and guidance from a KDIGO controversies conference. Stroke 52, e328\u2013e346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029680 (2021).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"60509_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.493593","volume":"38","author":"M Khatri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khatri, M. et al. Chronic kidney disease is associated with white matter hyperintensity volume: the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). Stroke 38, 3121\u20133126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.493593 (2007).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"60509_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00096","volume":"7","author":"M Miglinas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miglinas, M., Cesniene, U., Janusaite, M. M. & Vinikovas, A. Cerebrovascular disease and cognition in chronic kidney disease patients. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 7, 96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2020.00096 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"60509_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70026-2","volume":"13","author":"K Toyoda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toyoda, K. & Ninomiya, T. Stroke and cerebrovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease. Lancet Neurol. 13, 823\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70026-2 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"60509_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.040958","volume":"54","author":"K Ueki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ueki, K. et al. Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria and long-term outcomes after ischemic stroke: A longitudinal observational cohort study. Stroke 54, 1268\u20131277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.040958 (2023).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"60509_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08387-7","volume":"12","author":"L Hernandez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hernandez, L. et al. Blood-brain barrier and gut barrier dysfunction in chronic kidney disease with a focus on circulating biomarkers and tight junction proteins. Sci. Rep. 12, 4414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-08387-7 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"60509_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae079","volume":"39","author":"DM Kelly","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kelly, D. M. et al. Impaired kidney function, cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive disorders: the Framingham Heart Study. Nephrol. Dial Transpl. 39, 1911\u20131922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae079 (2024).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial Transpl."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60509-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60509-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60509-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:21:52Z","timestamp":1791246112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60509-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["60509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-60509-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was exempt from ethical review by the Institutional Review Board of Pusan National University Hospital (No. 2412-001-145) because it relied on de-identified secondary data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"31074"}}