{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:26:15Z","timestamp":1783632375754,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002349","name":"Academy of Scientific Research and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ASRT-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASRT-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-60529-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:35:12Z","timestamp":1783625712000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioprocessing of monomethyl ether from Alternaria alternata, a multi-target antiproliferative compound as emphasized by in silico analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Suhaila R.","family":"Alsaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manar M. Abdel","family":"Gwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamal","family":"Abdel-Fattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Marawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehia","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar A.","family":"Khashana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf S. A.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"60529_CR1","first-page":"1367","volume":"10","author":"U Anand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anand, U. et al. Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics. Gen. Dis. 10(4), 1367\u20131401 (2023).","journal-title":"Gen. Dis."},{"key":"60529_CR2","unstructured":"Amjad, M.T., Chidharla, A. & Kasi, A. Cancer chemotherapy (2020)."},{"key":"60529_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1005910","volume":"10","author":"E Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma, E. et al. Recent updates on anticancer mechanisms of polyphenols. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 10, 1005910 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"60529_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2025.144397","volume":"1352","author":"A Saleh","year":"2026","unstructured":"Saleh, A. et al. Synthesis, spectral characterization, bio evaluation, molecular simulation, and ADME therapeutic investigation studies of furo[3,4-b]pyran-based metal complexes. J. Mol. Struct. 1352(2), 144397 (2026).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"issue":"7","key":"60529_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900097c","volume":"109","author":"Y Pommier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pommier, Y. DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors: Chemistry, biology, and interfacial inhibition. Chem. Rev. 109(7), 2894\u20132902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr900097c (2009).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"60529_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2023.110561","volume":"381","author":"A-AP de Menezes","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Menezes, A.-A.P. et al. Citrinin as a potential anti-cancer therapy: a comprehensive review. Chem. Biol. Interact. 381, 110561 (2023).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"60529_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xin, J. and Y. Shang, Alternariol alleviates breast carcinoma by inhibiting cellular proliferation correlated with increased apoptotic events in rats. Eur. J. Inflamm., (2022).","DOI":"10.1177\/1721727X221139485"},{"issue":"23","key":"60529_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6393","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2031099","volume":"63","author":"S Jafarzadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jafarzadeh, S. et al. The control of fungi and mycotoxins by food active packaging: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 63(23), 6393\u20136411 (2023).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"60529_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70085","volume":"24","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Liu, C. & van der Fels-Klerx, H. Occurrence, toxicity, dietary exposure, and management of Alternaria mycotoxins in food and feed: A systematic literature review. Comprehens. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety 24(1), e70085 (2025).","journal-title":"Comprehens. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety"},{"key":"#cr-split#-60529_CR10.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bennett, J. and M. Klich, Mycotoxins Clin Microbiol Rev 2003","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.3.497-516.2003"},{"key":"#cr-split#-60529_CR10.2","unstructured":"16: 497-516. CrossRef| PubMed| CAS| Web of Science\u00ae Times Cited, (2003)."},{"issue":"7","key":"60529_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11070375","volume":"11","author":"C Gruber-Dorninger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gruber-Dorninger, C., Jenkins, T. & Schatzmayr, G. Global mycotoxin occurrence in feed: A ten-year survey. Toxins 11(7), 375 (2019).","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"60529_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chain, E.P.o.C.i.t.F., Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of Alternaria toxins in feed and food. EFSA J.,. 9(10): p. 2407. (2011).","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2011.2407"},{"issue":"1","key":"60529_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2022.2151646","volume":"40","author":"Y Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han, Y. et al. Degradation of Alternaria mycotoxins by UV-C irradiation: Effect of selected process and exposure to food components. Food Addit. Contam. Part A 40(1), 134\u2013146 (2023).","journal-title":"Food Addit. Contam. Part A"},{"issue":"5","key":"60529_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15050325","volume":"15","author":"X Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han, X. et al. Natural occurrence of Alternaria toxins in citrus-based products collected from China in 2021. Toxins 15(5), 325 (2023).","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"7","key":"60529_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15070421","volume":"15","author":"DE Marin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marin, D. E. & Taranu, I. Using in silico approach for metabolomic and toxicity prediction of alternariol. Toxins 15(7), 421 (2023).","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"2","key":"60529_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-021-00424-0","volume":"37","author":"S Scheibenzuber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scheibenzuber, S. et al. Analysis of 13 Alternaria mycotoxins including modified forms in beer. Mycotoxin Res. 37(2), 149\u2013159 (2021).","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"60529_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9050152","volume":"9","author":"Y Man","year":"2017","unstructured":"Man, Y. et al. Development of an immunochromatographic strip test for the rapid detection of alternariol monomethyl ether in fruit. Toxins 9(5), 152 (2017).","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"7","key":"60529_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040564","volume":"7","author":"D Saha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saha, D. et al. Identification of a polyketide synthase required for alternariol (AOH) and alternariol-9-methyl ether (AME) formation in Alternaria alternata. PLoS ONE 7(7), e40564 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"60529_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.06.021","volume":"6","author":"M Meena","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meena, M. & Samal, S. Alternaria host-specific (HSTs) toxins: An overview of chemical characterization, target sites, regulation and their toxic effects. Toxicol. Rep. 6, 745\u2013758 (2019).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"60529_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2007.12.001","volume":"44","author":"DV Krysko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krysko, D. V. et al. Apoptosis and necrosis: Detection, discrimination and phagocytosis. Methods 44(3), 205\u2013221 (2008).","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"60529_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solhaug, A., et al., Alternariol induces abnormal nuclear morphology and cell cycle arrest in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Toxicol. Lett., 219(1): p. 8\u201317. (2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2013.02.012"},{"issue":"4","key":"60529_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-011-0781-3","volume":"86","author":"I Schreck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schreck, I. et al. The Alternaria mycotoxins alternariol and alternariol methyl ether induce cytochrome P450 1A1 and apoptosis in murine hepatoma cells dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Arch. Toxicol. 86(4), 625\u2013632 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"60529_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"738","author":"A Solhaug","year":"2012","unstructured":"Solhaug, A. et al. Mechanisms involved in alternariol-induced cell cycle arrest. Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 738, 1\u201311 (2012).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen."},{"issue":"1","key":"60529_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.11.005","volume":"216","author":"C Tiessen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tiessen, C. et al. Modulation of the cellular redox status by the Alternaria toxins alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether. Toxicol. Lett. 216(1), 23\u201330 (2013).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"60529_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9070228","volume":"9","author":"S Fraeyman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fraeyman, S. et al. Emerging Fusarium and Alternaria mycotoxins: Occurrence, toxicity and toxicokinetics. Toxins 9(7), 228 (2017).","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"60529_CR26","unstructured":"Marko, D. Mechanisms of the genotoxic effect of Alternaria toxins. in Gesellschaft fur Mykotoxin Forschung. Proceedings of the 29th mycotoxin workshop. Stuttgart-Fellbach, Germany. (2007)."},{"issue":"3","key":"60529_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02951512","volume":"23","author":"E Pfeiffer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pfeiffer, E., Eschbach, S. & Metzler, M. Alternaria toxins: DNA strand-breaking activity in mammalian cells in vitro. Mycotoxin Res. 23(3), 152\u2013157 (2007).","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"60529_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(80)90023-3","volume":"78","author":"P Scott","year":"1980","unstructured":"Scott, P. & Stoltz, D. Mutagens produced by Alternaria alternata. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. 78(1), 33\u201340 (1980).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol."},{"key":"60529_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Sayed A.S.A., Fathalla M., Yassin M.A., Zein N., Morsy S., Sitohy M., Sitohy B. Conjugation of Aspergillus flavipes taxol with porphyrin increases the anticancer activity of taxol and ameliorates its cytotoxic effects Molecules, 25 (2), art. no. 263. (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25020263"},{"key":"60529_CR30","first-page":"12","volume":"70","author":"E Commission","year":"2006","unstructured":"Commission, E. Commission Regulation (EC) No 401\/2006 of 23 February 2006 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. J. Eur. Union L 70, 12\u201334 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Union L"},{"issue":"2","key":"60529_CR31","first-page":"67","volume":"6","author":"H Pekmez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pekmez, H. Cereal storage techniques: A review. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. B 6(2), 67\u201371 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. Technol. B"},{"issue":"2","key":"60529_CR32","first-page":"128","volume":"4","author":"AK Gautam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gautam, A. K., Gupta, H. & Soni, Y. Screening of fungi and mycotoxins associated with stored rice grains in Himachal Pradesh. Inter. J. Theor. Appl. Sci. 4(2), 128\u2013133 (2012).","journal-title":"Inter. J. Theor. Appl. Sci."},{"key":"60529_CR33","volume-title":"Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi.","author":"H Barnett","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barnett, H. & Hunter, B. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. (The American Phytopathological Society, 1998)."},{"key":"60529_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2014.04.037","volume":"46","author":"F Xing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xing, F. et al. Growth inhibition and morphological alterations of Fusarium verticillioides by cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde. Food Control 46, 343\u2013350 (2014).","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"60529_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07271-x","volume":"49","author":"ASA El-Sayed","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Sayed, A. S., Khalaf, S. A. & Aziz, H. A. Characterization of homocysteine \u03b3-lyase from submerged and solid cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus ASH (JX006238). J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 23(4), 499\u2013510 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"60529_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2021.05.007","volume":"107","author":"ASA El-Sayed","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Sayed, A. S. A. et al. Production, bioprocess optimization and anticancer activity of camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus flavus, endophytes of Ficus elastica.. Process Biochem. 107, 59\u201373 (2021).","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"issue":"10","key":"60529_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr121","volume":"28","author":"K Tamura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tamura, K. et al. MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28(10), 2731\u20132739 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"60529_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-5-113","volume":"5","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edgar, R. C. MUSCLE: A multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity. BMC Bioinformatics 5(1), 1\u201319 (2004).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"60529_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siciliano, I., et al., Mycotoxin production in liquid culture and on plants infected with Alternaria spp. isolated from rocket and cabbage. Toxins, 7(3): p. 743\u2013754. (2015).","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7030743"},{"key":"60529_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farag N.M., El-Sayed A.S.A., Fikry E., Tawfeek N., El-Shafae A.M., El-Domiaty M.M. Cladosporium cladosporioides, endophyte of Strelitzia nicolai, as a new producer of Alternariol monomethyl ether with a potential cytotoxic activity, Sci. Rep., 16 (1), art. no. 1633. (2026).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-33343-6"},{"issue":"8","key":"60529_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3558","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-03906-8","volume":"194","author":"SS Abdel-Fatah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdel-Fatah, S. S. et al. Boosting the anticancer activity of Aspergillus flavus \u201cendophyte of Jojoba\u201d Taxol via conjugation with gold nanoparticles mediated by \u03b3-irradiation. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 194(8), 3558\u20133581 (2022).","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"6","key":"60529_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07271-x","volume":"49","author":"AS El-Sayed","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Sayed, A. S. et al. Bioprocesses optimization and anticancer activity of camptothecin from Aspergillus flavus, an endophyte of in vitro cultured Astragalus fruticosus. Mol. Biol. Rep. 49(6), 4349\u20134364 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"60529_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3727\/095535491820873191","volume":"3","author":"AH Cory","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cory, A. H. et al. Use of an aqueous soluble tetrazolium\/formazan assay for cell growth assays in culture. Cancer Commun. 3(7), 207\u2013212 (1991).","journal-title":"Cancer Commun."},{"issue":"17","key":"60529_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.06.084","volume":"25","author":"A Paterna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paterna, A. et al. Monoterpene indole alkaloid hydrazone derivatives with apoptosis inducing activity in human HCT116 colon and HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 25(17), 3556\u20133559 (2015).","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"60529_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20120320","volume":"41","author":"AD Bates","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bates, A. D. et al. Small DNA circles as probes of DNA topology. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 41(2), 565\u2013570 (2013).","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"issue":"5","key":"60529_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)89437-6","volume":"260","author":"D Bonne","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bonne, D. et al. 4\u2019, 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, a fluorescent probe for tubulin and microtubules. J. Biol. Chem. 260(5), 2819\u20132825 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"60529_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f6we, J., et al., Refined structure of alpha beta-tubulin at 3.5 A resolution. J. Mol. Biol., 313(5): p. 1045\u201357. (2001).","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2001.5077"},{"key":"60529_CR48","unstructured":"Biovia, D.S., Discovery Studio Visualizer v21. 1.0. 20298. San Diego: Dassault Syst\u00e8mes, (2021)."},{"issue":"13","key":"60529_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084","volume":"25","author":"EF Pettersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pettersen, E. F. et al. UCSF Chimera\u2013a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis. J. Comput. Chem. 25(13), 1605\u20131612 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"60529_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21256","volume":"30","author":"GM Morris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morris, G. M. et al. AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated docking with selective receptor flexibility. J. Comput. Chem. 30(16), 2785\u20132791 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"60529_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334","volume":"31","author":"O Trott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trott, O. & Olson, A. J. AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading. J. Comput. Chem. 31(2), 455\u2013461 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Comput. Chem."},{"key":"60529_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burley, S.K., et al., Protein Data Bank (PDB): the single global macromolecular structure archive. Protein crystallography: methods and protocols, p. 627\u2013641. (2017).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7000-1_26"},{"issue":"6041","key":"60529_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204117","volume":"333","author":"CC Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu, C. C. et al. Structural basis of type II topoisomerase inhibition by the anticancer drug etoposide. Science 333(6041), 459\u2013462 (2011).","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"60529_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1021\/jm049146p","volume":"48","author":"BL Staker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Staker, B. L. et al. Structures of three classes of anticancer agents bound to the human topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complex. J. Med. Chem. 48(7), 2336\u20132345 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"60529_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10861","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx742","volume":"45","author":"YR Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, Y. R. et al. Producing irreversible topoisomerase II-mediated DNA breaks by site-specific Pt(II)-methionine coordination chemistry. Nucleic Acids Res. 45(18), 10861\u201310871 (2017).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"60529_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2015.07.001","volume":"82","author":"JHC Woudenberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Woudenberg, J. H. C. et al. Alternaria section Alternaria: Species, formae speciales or pathotypes?. Stud. Mycol. 82, 1\u201321 (2015).","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"60529_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39866","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13533-1","volume":"28","author":"ASA El-Sayed","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Sayed, A. S. A. et al. Triggering the biosynthetic machinery of Taxol by Aspergillus flavipes via cocultivation with Bacillus subtilis: proteomic analyses emphasize the chromatin remodeling upon fungal-bacterial interaction. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 28, 39866\u201339881 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"60529_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.576559","volume":"10","author":"A Seelig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seelig, A. P-Glycoprotein: One Mechanism, Many Tasks and the Consequences for Pharmacotherapy of Cancers. Front Oncol. 10, 576559 (2020).","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"60529_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01177.x","volume":"164","author":"ID Kerr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kerr, I. D., Haider, A. J. & Gelissen, I. C. The ABCG family of membrane-associated transporters: you don\u2019t have to be big to be mighty. Br. J. Pharmacol. 164(7), 1767\u20131779 (2011).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"60529_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pokharel, D., et al., Proteins regulating the intercellular transfer and function of P-glycoprotein in multidrug-resistant cancer. ecancer, 11: p. 768. (2017).","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2017.768"},{"issue":"1","key":"60529_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03184-w","volume":"24","author":"ASA El-Sayed","year":"2024","unstructured":"El-Sayed, A. S. A. et al. Bioprocessing of Epothilone B from Aspergillus fumigatus under solid state fermentation: Antiproliferative activity, tubulin polymerization and cell cycle analysis. BMC Microbiol. 24(1), 45 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"60529_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-0855-2-28","volume":"2","author":"K Brzonkalik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brzonkalik, K., H\u00fcmmer, D. & Neumann, A. Influence of pH and carbon to nitrogen ratio on mycotoxin production by Alternaria alternata in submerged cultivation. AMB Express 2, 28 (2012).","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"key":"60529_CR63","first-page":"449","volume-title":"Alternaria: Biology, Plant Diseases and Metabolites","author":"N Montemurro","year":"1992","unstructured":"Montemurro, N. & Visconti, A. Alternaria metabolites, chemical and biological data. In Alternaria: Biology, Plant Diseases and Metabolites 449\u2013557 (Elseiver, 1992)."},{"key":"60529_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-51757-8","volume":"16","author":"ASA El-Sayed","year":"2026","unstructured":"El-Sayed, A. S. A. et al. Characterization of Alternaria alternata alternariol monomethyl ether with a potential antiproliferative activity by topoisomerases inhibition; molecular docking and dynamic simulations. Sci. Rep. 16, 15352 (2026).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"60529_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-0855-1-27","volume":"1","author":"K Brzonkalik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brzonkalik, K. et al. Process development for the elucidation of mycotoxin formation in Alternaria alternata. AMB Express 1, 27 (2011).","journal-title":"AMB Express"},{"issue":"4","key":"60529_CR66","first-page":"4","volume":"17","author":"L Fan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Fan, L. et al. Regulatory mechanisms of fumonisin biosynthesis and applications in food safety and biotechnology. Microbiol. Res. 17(4), 4 (2026).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"60529_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822009000400027","volume":"40","author":"F Delgado-Virgen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Delgado-Virgen, F. & Guzman-de-Pe\u00f1a, D. Mechanism of Sterigmatocystin Biosynthesis Regulation by pH in Aspergillus nidulans. Braz. J. Microbiol. 40(4), 933\u2013942 (2009).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"60529_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032532","volume":"24","author":"CO Okoro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okoro, C. O. & Fatoki, T. H. A Mini Review of Novel Topoisomerase II Inhibitors as Future Anticancer Agents. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 2532 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"60529_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2024.108116","volume":"156","author":"PA Yakkala","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yakkala, P. A. & Kamal, A. Dual-targeting inhibitors involving tubulin for the treatment of cancer. Bioorg. Chem. 156, 108116 (2025).","journal-title":"Bioorg. Chem."},{"key":"60529_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2017.11.078","volume":"245","author":"N Estiarte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Estiarte, N. et al. Stability of alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether during food processing of tomato products. Food Chem. 245, 951\u2013957 (2018).","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"60529_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-3701-2-35","volume":"2","author":"J Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu, J. et al. DNA damage-induced apoptosis and p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint. Cell Biosci. 2(1), 35 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"60529_CR72","first-page":"58","volume":"8","author":"M Zamanian-Azodi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zamanian-Azodi, M. et al. Molecular analysis of cancer pathways: TP53 and apoptosis regulators. Iran. J. Cancer Prev. 8(1), 58\u201366 (2015).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Cancer Prev."},{"key":"60529_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.849243","volume":"13","author":"D Den Hollander","year":"2022","unstructured":"Den Hollander, D. et al. Cytotoxic Effects of Alternariol, Alternariol Monomethyl-Ether, and Tenuazonic Acid and Their Relevant Combined Mixtures on Human Enterocytes and Hepatocytes. Front. Microbiol. 13, 941164 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"60529_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1721727X221106505","volume":"20","author":"Q Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, Q. et al. Alternariol ameliorates lung carcinoma via reprogramming cytokine signaling associated with PI3K\/Akt cascade in vitro and in vivo. Eur. J. Inflamm. 20, 1\u201312 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inflamm."},{"key":"60529_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2015.03.013","volume":"235","author":"C Fern\u00e1ndez-Blanco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Blanco, C., Font, G. & Ruiz, M. J. Oxidative DNA damage and disturbance of antioxidant capacity by alternariol in Caco-2 cells. Toxicol. Lett. 235, 61\u201366 (2015).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"60529_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2012.04.014","volume":"26","author":"F Bensassi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bensassi, F. et al. Cell death induced by the Alternaria mycotoxin alternariol. Toxicol. In Vitro 26(6), 915\u2013923 (2012).","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"60529_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.10.021","volume":"143","author":"NM Raghavendra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raghavendra, N. M. et al. Dual or multi-targeting inhibitors: The next generation anticancer agents. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 143, 1277\u20131300 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"60529_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2013.10.004","volume":"54","author":"ASA El-Sayed","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Sayed, A. S. A., Ibrahim, H. & Sitohy, M. Z. Co-immobilization of PEGylated Aspergillus flavipes l-methioninase with glutamate dehydrogenase: A novel catalytically stable anticancer consortium. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 54, 59\u201369 (2014).","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb. Technol."},{"key":"60529_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2269-7_19","volume":"1263","author":"S Dallakyan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dallakyan, S. & Olson, A. J. Small-Molecule Library Screening by Docking with PyRx. Methods Mol. Biol. 1263, 243\u2013250 (2015).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"60529_CR80","first-page":"e3718","volume":"22","author":"N Sardarpour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sardarpour, N., Goodarzi, Z. & Gharaghani, S. Docking-Based Virtual Screening Method for Selecting Natural Compounds with Synergistic Inhibitory Effects Against Cancer Signalling Pathways Using a Multi-Target Approach. Iran. J. Biotechnol. 22(2), e3718 (2024).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"60529_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gatenby, R.A. and J.S. Brown, The Evolution and Ecology of Resistance in Cancer Therapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med., 10(11) (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a040261"},{"issue":"1","key":"60529_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2022.2062338","volume":"37","author":"O Aboelez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aboelez, O., Belal, M., Xiang, G. & Ma, X. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking studies of novel pomalidomide-based PROTACs as potential anti-cancer agents targeting EGFRWT and EGFRT790M. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 37(1), 1196\u20131211 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"60529_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aboelez, M.O, El-Remaily, M, A.A.A, Kamel, M.S., Al kamaly, O., Fadaly, W.A.A., Nemr, M.T.M., Ezelarab, H.A.A. Novel 3,4-diaminothieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide-based scaffolds as EGFRWT, EGFRT790M, and tubulin polymerization inhibitors with anti-proliferative activity. Bioorganic Chemistry, 163, 108728, (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2025.108728"},{"key":"60529_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.70301","author":"O Al Kamaly","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al Kamaly, O. et al. A Novel Highly Sensitive Derivatization-Free Spectrofluorimetric Approach for Analysis of the Antifungal Terconazole in Dosage Forms, Biological Fluids, and Environmental Water Samples: Assessment of Greenness and Blueness Profiles. Luminescence https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bio.70301 (2025).","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"60529_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Sayed A.S.A., Aziz S.W., Moustafa A.H., Saad N.M., Ali M. Epothilone B from Aspergillus fumigatus with a strong antiproliferative and anti-tubulin polymerizing activities; apoptosis, and cell cycle analyses. BMC Microbiology, 25 (1), art. no. 367. (2025).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-04086-1"},{"key":"60529_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Kalyoubi S., Agili F., Zordok W.A., El-Sayed A.S.A. Synthesis, in silico prediction and in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity, dft calculation and theoretical investigation of novel xanthines and uracil containing imidazolone derivatives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (20), art. no. 10979, (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222010979"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60529-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60529-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60529-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:02:05Z","timestamp":1783630925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-60529-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["60529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-60529-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing of interests"}},{"value":"The in vitro cytotoxic studies were conducted according to the guidelines of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, and confirmed to follow NIH guidelines under protocol 15\u201308\u2013263. All the experimental protocols were approved by the ethics committee\/ Institutional Review Board of Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"21436"}}