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Although treatment methods for localized PC are relatively well-established, challenges remain due to difficulties in early diagnosis and issues with treatment resistance. This study combines genome-wide association study (GWAS) data with tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data through a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to explore key genes associated with PC. The study also includes differential expression analysis and survival analysis to further verify these findings. A total of 46 candidate genes were identified, and survival analysis using the Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) dataset revealed that the upregulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) is associated with poor prognosis, while the downregulation of sulfatase modifying factor 2 (SUMF2) is linked to adverse prognosis. The results suggest that ASNS and SUMF2 play important roles in the progression of PC and may serve as candidate prognostic biomarkers associated with PC progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-60708-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T16:04:33Z","timestamp":1783181073000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring key genes and prognostic validation of prostate cancer through transcriptome-wide association study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jintao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuandong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangfeng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"60708_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prostate cancer. 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