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Survey metrics revealed critical baseline deficiencies: 80% of farmers lacked antimicrobial resistance (AMR) awareness, 90% practiced no litter treatment, and 70% of untreated waste was sold directly to aquaculture. Molecular analysis of 192 litter samples verified a 72.4%\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence, with Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices peaking at 0.90. Phenotypic profiling showed high resistance to ampicillin (89.9%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (61.2%), whereas colistin demonstrated 100% susceptibility. A significant co-resistance was identified between imipenem and tetracycline (\u03c6\u2009=\u20090.65, p_adj\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and between cefotaxime and ceftazidime (\u03c6\u2009=\u20090.58, p_adj\u2009&lt;\u20090.001),\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) after Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction. Concurrently, the AgNPs\u2013 H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    composite exhibited superior efficacy with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 3.125\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, proving four-fold more potent than standalone H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Time-kill kinetics demonstrated complete bacterial reduction within 24\u00a0h (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), successfully suppressing the post-6-hour regrowth observed with H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    alone. While this study is limited by its regional geographical scope and the lack of molecular characterization for specific resistance genes, it conclusively identifies veterinary supervision deficits (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) as a driver of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) transmission. Ultimately, the AgNPs\u2013 H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    composite offers a promising in vitro One Health biosecurity strategy, achieving complete bacterial reduction under controlled conditions at a 75% lower concentration than standalone H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , pending field validation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-61245-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:04:30Z","timestamp":1784196270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Silver nanoparticle hydrogen peroxide composite mitigates resistant Escherichia coli dissemination driven by poultry waste biosecurity failures"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3955-1646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basma","family":"Badawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Z.","family":"Sayed-Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona M.","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"El-Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Sabry","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrhman K.","family":"Alhaider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud H. 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The study protocol, involving anonymous field surveying and environmental microbiological analysis, was formally reviewed and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University (Approval Code: MU-IACUC [VMR.26.04.1.R1]). For the field survey (Phase I), informed oral consent was obtained from all participants. The institutional ethics committee specifically approved the use of oral consent and waived the requirement for written informed consent, as the survey was strictly anonymous, posed no risk to participants, and did not collect any personal identifiers. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participant data were strictly anonymized to ensure confidentiality.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"22392"}}