{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T18:04:34Z","timestamp":1784397874242,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018778","name":"Al-Azhar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The co-administration of Dapagliflozin and Sitagliptin has attracted considerable interest in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus due to their complementary therapeutic effects. However, their simultaneous determination is analytically challenging because of the significant overlap in their native fluorescence spectra. In this study, a selective and sensitive first-derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of both drugs without prior separation. The proposed approach enabled efficient spectral resolution through zero-crossing points at 348\u00a0nm and 289\u00a0nm for dapagliflozin and sitagliptin, respectively, using a constant wavelength difference (\u0394\u03bb\u2009=\u200930\u00a0nm). The method exhibited excellent linearity over the concentration ranges of 50\u20131000 ng\/mL and 100\u20132000 ng\/mL for dapagliflozin and sitagliptin, respectively, covering concentration levels relevant to their reported maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax), with low limits of detection (16.02 and 31.07 ng\/mL, respectively), indicating high sensitivity. The proposed method demonstrated satisfactory accuracy (mean recoveries of 100.67% and 99.86%) and precision (%RSD\u2009&lt;\u20092%). The method was successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked human plasma, showing reliable recoveries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first validated spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous determination of these co-administered drugs, offering a simple, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to conventional analytical techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-61583-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T17:44:07Z","timestamp":1784396647000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First-derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for simultaneous determination of dapagliflozin and sitagliptin in dosage forms and spiked human plasma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"El-Dosoky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim A.","family":"El-Desouky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Abdelzaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7912-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed A.","family":"Mahdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"61583_CR1","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Introduction and methodology: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142024. Diabetes Care 47(Suppl. 1), S1\u2013S4 (2024)"},{"key":"61583_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Ley, S. H. & Hu, F. B. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 14, 88\u201398 (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151"},{"key":"61583_CR3","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edition. (2021)."},{"key":"61583_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey, C. J. Uric acid and the cardio-renal effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 21, 1291\u20131298 (2019)","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13670"},{"key":"61583_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdul-Ghani, M. A., Norton, L. & DeFronzo, R. A. Renal sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibition in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 309, F889\u2013F900 (2015)","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00267.2015"},{"key":"61583_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenstock, J., Hansen, L., Zee, P., Li, Y., Cook, W., Hirshberg, B. et al. Dual add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled with metformin monotherapy. Diabetes Care 38(3), 376\u2013383 (2015).","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1142"},{"key":"61583_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, J. H. & Kim, J. E. Development and validation of simultaneous quantitative dissolution analysis for the two active pharmaceutical ingredients in dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate\u2013sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate multi-layered tablets. Curr. Pharm. Anal. 19(10), 776\u2013785 (2023).","DOI":"10.2174\/0115734129270782231123103912"},{"key":"61583_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganorkar, S. B., Sharma, S. S., Patil, M. R., Bobade, P. S., Dhote, A. M. & Shirkhedkar, A. A. Pharmaceutical analytical profile for novel SGL-2 inhibitor: Dapagliflozin. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 51(8), 835\u2013847 (2021).","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2020.1777524"},{"key":"61583_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-46312-4","volume-title":"Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy","author":"JR Lakowicz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lakowicz, J. R. Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy (Springer, 2006)."},{"key":"61583_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alarfaj NA, El-Tohamy MF. Determination of the anti-viral drug Ribavirin in dosage forms via micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetric method. Luminescence 28, 190\u2013194 (2013)","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.2361"},{"key":"61583_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd, J. B. F. Synchronized excitation of fluorescence emission spectra. Nature Physical Science 231, 64\u201365 (1971).","DOI":"10.1038\/physci231064a0"},{"key":"61583_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasichayanula S, Liu X, Shyu WC, Zhang W, Pfister M, Griffen SC, et al. Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between dapagliflozin, a novel sodium\u2013glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, and metformin, pioglitazone, glimepiride or sitagliptin in healthy subjects. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 13, 47\u201354 (2011)","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2010.01314.x"},{"key":"61583_CR13","volume-title":"Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology Q2(R1)","author":"International Council for Harmonisation (ICH)","year":"2005","unstructured":"International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology Q2(R1) (ICH, 2005)."},{"issue":"9","key":"61583_CR14","first-page":"45","volume":"7","author":"PC Karuna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karuna, P. C., China, E. & Rao, M. B. Unique UV spectrophotometric method for estimation of dapagliflozin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. J. Chem. Pharm. Res. 7 (9), 45\u201349 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"61583_CR15","first-page":"254","volume":"7","author":"P Ravisankar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ravisankar, P., Mounika, G., Devadasu, C. & DevalaRao, G. A simple validated UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative analysis of sitagliptin phosphate in pharmaceutical dosage form. J. Chem. Pharm. Sci. 7, 254 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-61583-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-61583-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-61583-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T17:55:07Z","timestamp":1784397307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-61583-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["61583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-61583-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"22545"}}