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A graded AlGaN barrier layer is utilized to enhance polarization-induced charges, thus increasing the density of 2DEG and improving carrier mobility in the channel. The proposed device uses Triple Metal Gate (TMG) with different work functions (M1, M2, M3) for controlling the electric field profile along the channel and improves the electrostatic control of the proposed biosensor. AlGaN graded barrier MOS-HEMT heterojunction biosensor was evaluated using Silvaco TCAD. The performance of proposed device analyzed using healthy Breast Cancerous biomolecules (K\u2009=\u20094.5(MCF-10)) and non-healthy Breast Cancerous biomolecules (K\u2009=\u200922(Hs578T), 27.5(MCF-7), 32(T47D)). The device characteristics are evaluated through transfer characteristics (I\n                    <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013V\n                    <jats:sub>gs<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), output characteristics (I\n                    <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013V\n                    <jats:sub>ds<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), electron (e\n                    <jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) mobility and surface potential. Moreover, the effect of different positions for cavity fillings on I\n                    <jats:sub>on<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/I\n                    <jats:sub>off<\/jats:sub>\n                    ratio sensitivity and V\n                    <jats:sub>th<\/jats:sub>\n                    sensitivity is examined under different conditions. The sensitivity of the device is 0.147\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , subthreshold swing (SS) value is 60\u00a0mV\/dec, I\n                    <jats:sub>on<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/I\n                    <jats:sub>off<\/jats:sub>\n                    ratio sensitivity is 3.67\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    at K\u2009=\u200932. The results reveal that the sensitivity of the biosensor is based on the number of biomolecules rather than their position. The proposed biosensor has a relatively higher sensitivity compared to existing biosensors, making it a promising device for detecting Breast Cancer biomolecules.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-61687-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T12:05:53Z","timestamp":1784462753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and Optimization of AlGaN\/GaN Graded Barrier MOS-HEMT Biosensor for Breast Cancer Biomolecule detection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Srinivasa Rao","family":"Karumuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudra Lakshmi","family":"Prasanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0182-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vakkalakula Bharath","family":"Sreenivasulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girija Sravani","family":"Kondavitee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"61687_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03502-3","author":"J Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim, J. et al. 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