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We show here that the infection with the pathogen induces significant transcription of cytokine genes such as\n                    <jats:italic>il1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>il6<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>tnf<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not their secretion. Infected HeLa cells also do not release these cytokines with the exception of IL-6. In contrast, endotoxin, transfected polyI: C or infection with the uropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain CFT073 induce a robust pro-inflammatory response in T24\/83 cells. These findings indicate that the cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns including the TLR4 and TLR3 ligands endotoxin and dsRNA, respectively, also present in\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar D. We, therefore, generated\n                    <jats:italic>tlr4-<\/jats:italic>\n                    deficient T24\/83 cells to study its influence on replication of\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar D. In contrast to our expectation,\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar D replication in T24\/83 cells did not benefit from\n                    <jats:italic>tlr4-<\/jats:italic>\n                    deficiency. TLR3 was reported to recognize\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar D in the human oviduct cell line OE-E6\/E7. However,\n                    <jats:italic>tlr3-<\/jats:italic>\n                    deficiency also did not improve the replication of the pathogen in T24\/83 cells. Interestingly,\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar D did not modulate an endotoxin-induced cytokine release but impaired significantly a polyI: C-induced and TLR3-dependent release of IFN-\u03b2. We conclude that\n                    <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar D avoids an inflammatory reaction and circumvents recognition by TLR4 and TLR3 in infected uroepithelial T24\/83 cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-62091-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T15:12:25Z","timestamp":1784560345000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D replicates in uroepithelial T24\/83 cells in the absence of overt inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xaver","family":"Rait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Heine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Gretz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Miethke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"62091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","volume":"10","author":"L Newman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newman, L. et al. 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