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Excessive N application suppresses sucrose content, elevates molassogenic impurities, and generates environmental externalities; however, no prior synthesis has coupled a systematic review with field-derived path analysis to jointly characterize the N \u00d7 biostimulant system. The present study quantified the effects of N rate and biostimulant type on root yield, sucrose content, juice purity, and impurity concentrations through a PRISMA-compliant systematic review (68 eligible studies from 1,250 records; 50 with extractable data), random-effects meta-analysis, GRADE certainty grading, and a two-season split-plot field experiment (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200972; Sakha, Egypt) analyzed by structural equation modelling (SEM). N rate positively predicted root yield (GRADE: MODERATE) but negatively affected sucrose content above 120\u00a0kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 (GRADE: LOW). All biostimulant outcomes were rated GRADE VERY LOW certainty due to high heterogeneity and publication bias. Path analysis confirmed potassium as the principal quality-limiting impurity and its co-accumulation with \u03b1-amino nitrogen (\u03b1-AN) under excess N. An optimal range of 90\u2013120\u00a0kg N ha\u207b\u00b9 is supported by MODERATE-certainty evidence for Nile Delta clay-loam conditions. Biostimulant recommendations remain provisional pending pre-registered multi-location trials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-62915-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T18:45:09Z","timestamp":1784745909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nitrogen fertilization and biostimulants in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and nutrient management framework"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6515-2695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Usama A. Abd","family":"El-Razek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"62915_CR1","unstructured":"FAOSTAT. Sugar beet production statistics. 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No human subjects were recruited as study participants, and no clinical or experimental procedures were performed on humans. Title, abstract, and full-text screening was conducted independently by two reviewers in accordance with standard systematic review methodology. Field research was conducted in full compliance with institutional and national research regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"22972"}}