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A land suitability model was applied by converting socio-ecological factors (soil, slope, geology, water accessibility, land use and land cover, and sensitive habitats) into standardized raster layers, weighting them with AHP, and integrating them through a GIS-based weighted overlay. Suitability map was evaluated through accuracy assessment and sensitivity analysis to ensure reliability. The results showed high and very high suitability areas (18,628\u00a0ha) aligned with optimal conditions, while moderate zones (13,935\u00a0ha) required interventions such as erosion control and water management. Low-suitability (1,408\u00a0ha) and unsuitable areas (112,188\u00a0ha) faced significant constraints as steep topography and erosion-prone soils, limiting agricultural potential. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration (e.g., agronomy, social, ecology, and geography) and the adoption of innovative planning tools to achieve sustainable agricultural landscapes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-63402-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:35:59Z","timestamp":1784810159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GIS\u2013AHP\u2013based land suitability assessment for sustainable agricultural planning on Qeshm Island"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Asef","family":"Darvishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohsen","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Khoshnamvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faezeh","family":"Borhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schirrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"63402_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2008.09.028","volume":"96","author":"SS Atapattu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Atapattu, S. 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