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Structural and physicochemical analyses (XRD, FTIR, N\u2082 adsorption\u2013desorption, TEM, SEM, and acid-probe reactions) show that AlPO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    incorporation preserves the aluminosilicate framework while tuning surface acidity, porosity, and active-site accessibility. XRF and XRD confirm that ERC consists mainly of quartz, kaolinite, and iron oxides, whereas AlPO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    introduces additional phosphate phases that interact with the clay matrix. Catalytic testing reveals a strong dependence on AlPO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    loadings, with 5 wt.% AlPO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/ERC exhibiting optimal performance and achieving 90% methanol conversion with 100% DME selectivity at 200\u00a0\u00b0C. This enhancement correlates with an optimal balance of weak and intermediate acid sites (~\u20092.5\u00a0mmol g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and a high specific surface area (52 m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), which maximizes the number of accessible active centers. Higher loadings reduce activity because of pore blockage and decreased site accessibility. Mechanistically, methanol dehydration proceeds via acid-catalyzed surface methoxy intermediates, with activity governed by acid-site distribution rather than iron species. The catalyst shows excellent stability over 15\u00a0days without deactivation, confirming its strong structural robustness. Overall, controlled AlPO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    incorporation optimizes the acidity-porosity synergy, enabling efficient and stable DME production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-63442-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T07:34:59Z","timestamp":1785828899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aluminum phosphate-modified red clay as a stable nanocomposite catalyst for the selective conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mohamed N.","family":"Goda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd El-Aziz A.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmaa","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esraa","family":"Magdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Abd","family":"El-Aal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"63442_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3775\/jie.100.313","volume":"100","author":"I Rosadi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosadi, I., Neramittagapong, A., Athikaphan, P., Punrattanasin, P. & Neramittagapong, S. 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