{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:40:07Z","timestamp":1786714807518,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B.SUB.24.233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.24.233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite growing access to prenatal education, many women still report high levels of stress and dissatisfaction with their childbirth experience. Preparing for natural includes prenatal education, physical preparation of the body, and emotional support, which together help reduce anxiety, stress, and pain associated with childbirth. This study aimed to assess the extent of childbirth preparation among pregnant women and to evaluate how preparation impacts perceived stress, use of non-pharmacological pain relief methods, self-efficacy, and childbirth satisfaction. Cross-sectional studies were conducted from June 2023 to February 2024 with a group of 201 pregnant women at the University Clinical Hospital in Bia\u0142ystok in the Delivery Room and the postpartum ward. Participants completed questionnaires before and after birth. The study was conducted by means of a self-designed questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Health Behaviour Inventory (HBI). No effect of childbirth preparation on perceived satisfaction after childbirth has been found. Women with a higher sense of self-efficacy more frequently used non-pharmacological methods of pain relief during childbirth, performed pelvic floor muscle exercises, used perineal massage, and prepared a birth plan. Childbirth preparation is not related to the mode of birth, but it increases the likelihood of using non-pharmacological methods of pain relief during childbirth. While childbirth preparation improves physical readiness and psychological resilience, satisfaction with childbirth is more strongly influenced by self-efficacy and previous childbirth experiences than by preparation alone. It is important for pregnant women to have access to appropriate sources of support and information, which may have a positive impact upon their birthing experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-63451-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:20:04Z","timestamp":1786713604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childbirth preparation is associated with self-efficacy and the use of non-pharmacological pain relief during labour"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3546-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Malinowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matylda","family":"Sierakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"63451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puszcza\u0142owska-Lizis E., Mokrzycka K., Jandzi\u015b S.: Wp\u0142yw edukacji przedporodowej na przebieg ci\u0105\u017cy, porodu i wczesne macierzy\u0144stwo. 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