{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:51:23Z","timestamp":1793047883806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cervical cancer from persistent HPV infection is the leading cause of cancer death among Sub-Saharan African women. We here addressed the existing knowledge gap concerning the prevalence of HPV infection and cervical lesions in asymptomatic women living with HIV (WLWH) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Adult WLWH (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009334) were recruited at the HIV clinic of the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa. Real-time PCR targeting 12 high-risk (HR) and 2 low-risk HPV types on cervical samples and Pap smear testing were performed. Logistic regression was used in IBM SPSS Statistics to identify factors associated with HPV infection and abnormal cytology. HR-HPV infections occurred in 20.6% of participants and the most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV35 (16.8%) and HPV16 (14.7%). Abnormal cytology was more common among HR-HPV\u2013positive women than HR-HPV\u2013negative women (36.1% vs. 12.6%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). LSIL and HSIL were detected in 9.9% and 6.6% of HR-HPV\u2013positive women, respectively. Condom use was associated with reduced odds of HPV infection and abnormal cytology. HR-HPV infections dominated by non-HPV16\/18 types and abnormal cytology were common among asymptomatic WLWH in Ethiopia underscoring the need for strengthened cervical cancer screening, HPV vaccinations and safe-sex education for this high-risk population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-64488-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T01:53:52Z","timestamp":1785549232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus infections and cytological abnormalities in asymptomatic women living with HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Andersson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bethelehem Nigussie","family":"Zewdie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrispinus","family":"Mumena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin Andersen","family":"Thulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gashaw Garedew","family":"Woldeamanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Hass\u00e9us","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdu","family":"Mengesha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1349-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"64488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","volume":"74","author":"F Bray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bray, F. et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 74, 229\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3322\/caac.21834 (2024).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"64488_CR2","volume-title":"Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem (World Health Organization, 2020)."},{"key":"64488_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30157-4","volume":"395","author":"K Canfell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Canfell, K. et al. Mortality impact of achieving WHO cervical cancer elimination targets: a comparative modelling analysis in 78 low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Lancet 395, 591\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30157-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"64488_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0862-7","volume":"19","author":"BA Muluneh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muluneh, B. A., Atnafu, D. D. & Wassie, B. Predictors of cervical cancer screening service utilization among commercial sex workers in Northwest Ethiopia: a case-control study. BMC Womens Health. 19, 162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-019-0862-7 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"64488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e099955","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099955","volume":"15","author":"A Destaw","year":"2025","unstructured":"Destaw, A. et al. Follow-up rescreening uptake and persistent positive rates among women after positive cervical cancer screening results in Ethiopia: a longitudinal cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 15, e099955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-099955 (2025).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"64488_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107327482211297","DOI":"10.1177\/10732748221129708","volume":"29","author":"AL Bogale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bogale, A. L., Teklehaymanot, T., Ali, J. H., Kassie, G. M. & Medhin, G. The Recurrence of Cervical Precancerous Lesion Among HIV Positive and Negative Ethiopian Women After Cryotherapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancer Control. 29, 10732748221129708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10732748221129708 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"64488_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-26118-6","volume":"15","author":"A Abate","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abate, A. & Azage, M. High risk HPV among HIV positive women with normal and abnormal cervical cytology in Bahir Dar, north west Ethiopia. Sci. Rep. 15, 42198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-26118-6 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"64488_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02279-2","volume":"23","author":"T Megersa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Megersa, T., Dango, S., Kumsa, K., Lemma, K. & Lencha, B. Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infections and associated factors among women living with HIV in Shashemene town public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 23, 125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-023-02279-2 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"64488_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545829","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1545829","volume":"15","author":"AH Dinberia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dinberia, A. H., Ayele, H. M. & Wodajo, M. Z. Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions and associated factors among HIV-positive women in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Front. Oncol. 15, 1545829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2025.1545829 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"64488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30459-9","volume":"9","author":"D Stelzle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stelzle, D. et al. Estimates of the global burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV. Lancet Glob Health. 9, e161\u2013e169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30459-9 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"64488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uwamungu, S. et al. High Concordance between Vaginal Samples and Cervical Samples of Human Papillomavirus in Women Living with HIV in Rwanda. BMC Infect. 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Cancer Cytopathol. 123, 271\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncy.21521 (2015).","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol."},{"key":"64488_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-14832-3","volume":"25","author":"HN Tesfom","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tesfom, H. N. et al. Prevalence and factors associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical lesions among women with HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Cancer. 25, 1557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-025-14832-3 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"64488_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11853-y","volume":"25","author":"S Sebsibe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sebsibe, S. et al. Molecular epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and its predictive factors among women living with HIV in Northeast Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study. BMC Infect. Dis. 25, 1437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11853-y (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"64488_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01944-2","volume":"22","author":"AL Bogale","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bogale, A. L. et al. Comparison of self-collected versus clinician collected cervicovaginal specimens for detection of high risk human papillomavirus among HIV infected women in Ethiopia. BMC Womens Health. 22, 360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-022-01944-2 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"64488_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70129","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.70129","volume":"36","author":"AT Murahwa","year":"2026","unstructured":"Murahwa, A. T., Dzobo, M., Mahenge, A., Rantshabeng, P. & Dube Mandishora, R. S. The Burden of HPV35 in African Cervical Pathologies: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Vaccine Prospects. Rev. Med. 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Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in Ethiopia: an updated systematic review. Virol. J. 19, 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-022-01741-1 (2022).","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"64488_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dessalegn Mekonnen, B. Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv. Prev. Med. 2020. 7071925, (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7071925","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7071925"},{"key":"64488_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5953-1","volume":"19","author":"KE Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali, K. E. et al. Burden and genotype distribution of high-risk Human Papillomavirus infection and cervical cytology abnormalities at selected obstetrics and gynecology clinics of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Cancer. 19, 768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12885-019-5953-1 (2019).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"64488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-18-00206","volume":"6","author":"SL Silkensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silkensen, S. L., Schiffman, M., Sahasrabuddhe, V. & Flanigan, J. S. Is It Time to Move Beyond Visual Inspection With Acetic Acid for Cervical Cancer Screening? Glob Health Sci. Pract. 6, 242\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9745\/GHSP-D-18-00206 (2018).","journal-title":"Glob Health Sci. Pract."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-64488-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-64488-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-64488-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:14:54Z","timestamp":1785550494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-64488-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["64488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-64488-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"DG has been part of scientific advisory boards and\/or has held scientific presentations for Merck, Roche and AstraZeneca. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The present study was approved by Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences Institutional Review Board (ref no. 064\/21\/Gyn), the National Research Ethics Review Board (NRERB) in Ethiopia (ref. no. 17\/242\/587\/24) and the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (ref. no. 2021\u201302464). All participants provided informed consent, and the study was performed in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"23719"}}