{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T18:52:22Z","timestamp":1793472742410,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005296","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Regensburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Leukoreduction system (LRS) chambers from the Trima Accel apheresis platform are widely used as a convenient source of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for immunological research. However, increasing demand has prompted the search for alternative sources. Here, we investigated whether residual cell concentrates recovered from Trima Accel tubing sets, typically discarded after platelet apheresis, could serve as a substitute for concentrates obtained from LRS chambers. Paired samples from 20 healthy platelet donors were analyzed for recovered volume, cellular composition and yield, leukocyte subset distribution, and functional responsiveness. Tubing sets contained significantly greater volumes (23.04\u2009\u00b1\u200914.1\u00a0ml vs. 8.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.97\u00a0ml) but lower leukocyte concentrations (35.19\u2009\u00b1\u200916.99\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u00b3\/\u00b5l vs. 147.60\u2009\u00b1\u200959.63\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u00b3\/\u00b5l) than LRS chambers. Absolute leukocyte numbers were slightly higher in LRS chambers. However, cell frequencies in tubing sets showed a minor enrichment of monocytes and a modest lymphocyte depletion. Detailed flow cytometry characterization further revealed comparable distributions of major leukocyte populations and T cell subsets, including na\u00efve and memory compartments, without biologically meaningful differences in activation or differentiation markers. Importantly, PBMCs from both sources exhibited comparable functional responses following phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, including similar changes in activation marker expression and cytokine production. Short-term storage of tubing set samples for 24\u00a0h at 4\u00a0\u00b0C did not compromise cell viability. Overall, tubing sets represent a functionally equivalent and practical alternative leukocyte source for research applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-64945-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T17:04:59Z","timestamp":1785949499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Expanding the supply of human leukocytes for research by harvesting cell concentrates from Trima Accel tubing sets"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8505-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Kronenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Glehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Haehnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Dormann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Pamler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Preverin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Arella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kapinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Riquelme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Offner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans J.","family":"Schlitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Beckhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward K.","family":"Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Burkhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Brosig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"64945_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04350-4","volume":"15","author":"K Kronenberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kronenberg, K. et al. Platelet apheresis with additive solution and plasma rinseback affects the cellular composition of LRS chamber products. Sci. Rep. 15, 19923 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"64945_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15121","volume":"59","author":"G Boudreau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boudreau, G. et al. Leukoreduction system chambers are a reliable cellular source for the manufacturing of T-cell therapeutics. Transfusion 59, 1300\u20131311 (2019).","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"64945_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01233.x","volume":"47","author":"S N\u00e9ron","year":"2007","unstructured":"N\u00e9ron, S. et al. Characterization of mononuclear cells remaining in the leukoreduction system chambers of apheresis instruments after routine platelet collection: a new source of viable human blood cells. Transfusion 47, 1042\u20131049 (2007).","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"64945_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.01033.x","volume":"46","author":"AB Dietz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dietz, A. B. et al. A novel source of viable peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leukoreduction system chambers. Transfusion 46, 2083\u20132089 (2006).","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"64945_CR5","unstructured":"Terumo, B. C. T. Trima Accel\u00ae Version 7 Automated Blood Collection System (Terumo BCT, 2024)."},{"key":"64945_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.1998.7430182.x","volume":"74","author":"J Riggert","year":"1998","unstructured":"Riggert, J., Humpe, A., Simson, G. & K\u00f6hler, M. Quality and safety of platelet apheresis concentrates produced with a new leukocyte reduction system. Vox Sang. 74, 182\u2013188 (1998).","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"64945_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2012.07.005","volume":"384","author":"I Tiscornia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tiscornia, I., S\u00e1nchez-Martins, V., Hern\u00e1ndez, A. & Bollati-Fogol\u00edn, M. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells from leukoreduction system chambers after plateletpheresis are functional in an in vitro co-culture assay with intestinal epithelial cells. J. Immunol. Methods. 384, 164\u2013170 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"64945_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2013.07.005","volume":"218","author":"IA Pfeiffer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pfeiffer, I. A. et al. Leukoreduction system chambers are an efficient, valid, and economic source of functional monocyte-derived dendritic cells and lymphocytes. Immunobiology 218, 1392\u20131401 (2013).","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"64945_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18086","volume":"65","author":"K Kelly","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kelly, K. et al. Effect of the added plasma rinseback on residual cell types in plateletpheresis leukoreduction systems. Transfusion 65, 202\u2013210 (2025).","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"64945_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05167-8","volume":"9","author":"P Riquelme","year":"2018","unstructured":"Riquelme, P. et al. TIGIT(+) iTregs elicited by human regulatory macrophages control T cell immunity. Nat. Commun. 9, 2858 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"64945_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01473.x","volume":"101","author":"EF Strasser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Strasser, E. F. et al. Storage induced apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from leucoreduction system chambers. Vox Sang. 101, 106\u2013111 (2011).","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"64945_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03238.x","volume":"51","author":"TM Weidinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weidinger, T. M. et al. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from leukoreduction system chambers show better viability than those from leukapheresis. Transfusion 51, 2047\u20132049 (2011).","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"64945_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2023000484","volume":"2023","author":"RM Kaufman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaufman, R. M. T-cell lymphopenia in frequent volunteer platelet donors. Hematol. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. Program. 2023, 305\u2013310 (2023).","journal-title":"Hematol. Am. Soc. Hematol. Educ. 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