{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:09:09Z","timestamp":1790226549479,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2024ZDZX0051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZDZX0051"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82300848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-65455-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T15:46:41Z","timestamp":1785772001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Network analysis of mental health literacy and depressive\/anxiety symptoms in patients under maintenance hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study of multicenter data"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Guifang","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yupei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziying","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueni","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaihong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"65455_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00820-6","volume":"20","author":"A Francis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Francis, A. et al. Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 20 (7), 473\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-024-00820-6 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"65455_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A7","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.01.001","volume":"73","author":"R Saran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saran, R. et al. US renal data system 2018 annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 73 (3 Suppl 1), A7\u2013a8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.01.001 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"65455_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735296","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2735296","volume":"2017","author":"MA Bujang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bujang, M. A. et al. Forecasting the incidence and prevalence of patients with end-stage renal disease in malaysia up to the year 2040. Int. J. Nephrol. 2017, 2735296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/2735296 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nephrol."},{"issue":"11","key":"65455_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2014101017","volume":"26","author":"B Thomas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomas, B. et al. Maintenance dialysis throughout the world in years 1990 and 2010. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 26 (11), 2621\u20132633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2014101017 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11951-6","volume":"15","author":"X Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao, X. et al. Current clinical profiles for Chinese hemodialysis patients. Sci. Rep. 15 (1), 28428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-11951-6 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"65455_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.03840510","volume":"6","author":"WJ Kop","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kop, W. J. et al. Longitudinal association of depressive symptoms with rapid kidney function decline and adverse clinical renal disease outcomes. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 6 (4), 834\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.03840510 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"65455_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2147\/ceor.S69340","volume":"9","author":"RC Walker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walker, R. C., Howard, K. & Morton, R. L. Home hemodialysis: a comprehensive review of patient-centered and economic considerations. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 9, 149\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ceor.S69340 (2017).","journal-title":"Clinicoecon Outcomes Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae156","volume":"40","author":"D Collister","year":"2025","unstructured":"Collister, D. et al. Heart failure events in randomized controlled trials for adults receiving maintenance dialysis: a meta-epidemiologic study. Nephrol. Dial Transpl. 40 (2), 371\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae156 (2025).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial Transpl."},{"key":"65455_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538048","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1538048","volume":"12","author":"J Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu, J., Li, Y., Zhu, B., Shen, J. & Miao, L. Research progress on the kidney-gut-brain axis in brain dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 12, 1538048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1538048 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"65455_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S236","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.633","volume":"64","author":"W Bouali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bouali, W., Gniwa, R. O., Soussia, R. B., Mohamed, A. H. & Zarrouk, L. Depression and anxiety disorders in chronic hemodialysis patients. Eur. Psychiatry. 64 (Suppl 1), S236\u2013S237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.633 (2021). eCollection 2021 Apr.","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"65455_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103850","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v15.i7.103850","volume":"15","author":"YY Ye","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ye, Y. Y. et al. Correlation between anxiety, depression, self-perceived burden, and psychological resilience in patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis. World J. Psychiatry. 15 (7), 103850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v15.i7.103850 (2025).","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"65455_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2020.1852476","volume":"26","author":"N Al-Shammari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Shammari, N. et al. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and their associations among end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a multi-center population-based study. Psychol. Health Med. 26 (9), 1134\u20131142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13548506.2020.1852476 (2021).","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"65455_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-024-01998-5","volume":"37","author":"OA Adejumo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adejumo, O. A. et al. Global prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Nephrol. 37 (9), 2455\u20132472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-024-01998-5 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"65455_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.003","volume":"69","author":"CW Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, C. W. et al. Prevalence and risk factors for elevated anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry. 69, 27\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.12.003 (2021).","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022x.2022.2077761","volume":"44","author":"Y Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng, Y. et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety and their predictors among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Northern China: a cross-sectional study. Ren. Fail. 44 (1), 933\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022x.2022.2077761 (2022).","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"65455_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15900","volume":"31","author":"F Al-Nashri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Nashri, F. & Almutary, H. Impact of anxiety and depression on the quality of life of haemodialysis patients. J. Clin. Nurs. 31 (1\u20132), 220\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.15900 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"issue":"11","key":"65455_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110699","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v15.i11.110699","volume":"15","author":"JB Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, J. B., Ye, X. B. & Tu, X. J. Interaction between anxiety, depression, and low resilience predicts poor prognosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. World J. Psychiatry. 15 (11), 110699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v15.i11.110699 (2025).","journal-title":"World J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"65455_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1997.tb140071.x","volume":"166","author":"AF Jorm","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jorm, A. F. et al. Mental health literacy: a survey of the public\u2019s ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment. Med. J. Aust. 166 (4), 182\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1997.tb140071.x (1997).","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust"},{"key":"65455_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.06.034","volume":"243","author":"H Jung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jung, H., von Sternberg, K. & Davis, K. Expanding a measure of mental health literacy: development and validation of a multicomponent mental health literacy measure. Psychiatry Res. 243, 278\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.06.034 (2016).","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"65455_CR20","unstructured":"Sriprachot, N. S., Srisookkum, T. & Takaew, T. Relationship between mental health literacy, mental self-care behaviors, and depression among diabetic and hypertensive elderly patients in Chiang Kham, Phayao Province, Thailand. Journal of Public Health and Development (2025)."},{"key":"65455_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421053","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1421053","volume":"12","author":"A Jafari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jafari, A. et al. Depression literacy, mental health literacy, and their relationship with psychological status and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front. Public. Health. 12, 1421053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1421053 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"65455_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608","volume":"9","author":"D Borsboom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borsboom, D. & Cramer, A. O. Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 9, 91\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608 (2013).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1614898","volume":"56","author":"PJ Jones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones, P. J., Ma, R. & McNally, R. J. Bridge centrality: a network approach to understanding comorbidity. Multivar. Behav. Res. 56 (2), 353\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00273171.2019.1614898 (2021).","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"key":"65455_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370359","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1370359","volume":"12","author":"H Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma, H., Zhao, M., Liu, Y. & Wei, P. Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptoms and their associations with life satisfaction among Chinese hypertensive older adults: a cross-sectional study. Front. Public. Health. 12, 1370359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1370359 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Public. Health"},{"key":"65455_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.119","volume":"309","author":"Y Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Network connectivity between fear of cancer recurrence, anxiety, and depression in breast cancer patients. J. Affect. Disord. 309, 358\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.04.119 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord"},{"key":"65455_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2024.110324","volume":"197","author":"ZJ Zhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhan, Z. J. et al. Anxiety and depression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and network analysis to identify central symptoms: a cross-sectional study from a high-incidence area. Radiother Oncol. 197, 110324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radonc.2024.110324 (2024).","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06259-0","volume":"24","author":"Q Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, Q., Sun, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. & Chen, C. Network analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with heart failure. BMC Psychiatry. 24 (1), 803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06259-0 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e079298","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079298","volume":"14","author":"ZQ He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He, Z. Q., Wang, Q., Xu, C. Y., Yang, J. & Huang, Y. J. Depression and anxiety symptom network structure among patients with coronary heart disease and association with quality of life: protocol for a multicentre cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal study. BMJ Open. 14 (2), e079298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-079298 (2024).","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-06978-y","volume":"25","author":"H Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, H. et al. Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptoms and their associations with cognitive fusion among pregnant women. BMC Psychiatry. 25 (1), 537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-025-06978-y (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17435-4","volume":"23","author":"M Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, M. et al. How loneliness linked to anxiety and depression: a network analysis based on Chinese university students. BMC Public. Health. 23 (1), 2499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-17435-4 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"65455_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8055","DOI":"10.3390\/app11178055","volume":"11","author":"A Vyas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vyas, A., Aisopos, F., Vidal, M-E., Garrard, P. & Paliouras, G. Calibrating mini-mental state examination scores to predict misdiagnosed dementia patients. Appl. Sci. 11 (17), 8055 (2021).","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"65455_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03340146","volume":"9","author":"JJ Quesada","year":"1997","unstructured":"Quesada, J. J. et al. Formal education as an effect modifier of the relationship between Mini-Mental State Examination score and IADLs disability in the older population. Aging (Milano). 9 (3), 175\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf03340146 (1997).","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","volume":"50","author":"S Epskamp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D. & Fried, E. I. Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper. Behav. Res. Methods. 50 (1), 195\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1 (2018).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"65455_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000167","volume":"23","author":"S Epskamp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Epskamp, S. & Fried, E. I. A tutorial on regularized partial correlation networks. Psychol. Methods. 23 (4), 617\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000167 (2018).","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"65455_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-251","volume":"9","author":"M Zhang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Zhang, D. & Wells, M. T. Variable selection for large p small n regression models with incomplete data: mapping QTL with epistases. BMC Bioinform. 9, 251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-9-251 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21174-4","volume":"15","author":"AS Attoun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Attoun, A. S., Abuhalima, D., Al-Jabi, S. W. & Zyoud, S. H. Impact of symptom burden clusters on self-efficacy and quality of life in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter cross-sectional study. Sci. Rep. 15 (1), 37424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-21174-4 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"65455_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.05.021","volume":"36","author":"W Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, W. et al. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry. 36 (5), 539\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.05.021 (2014).","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"65455_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. & L\u00f6we, B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch. Intern. Med. 166 (10), 1092\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092 (2006).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"01","key":"65455_CR39","first-page":"86","volume":"(37","author":"ZJ Ming","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ming, Z. J., CZY, W. Y. X. & Jiang.L,Guo, F. Reliability and validity of multicomponent mental health literacy measure-Chinese version in male military personnel. Public. Health China. (37 (01), 86\u201391 (2021).","journal-title":"Public. Health China"},{"issue":"6","key":"65455_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000181","volume":"125","author":"DJ Robinaugh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robinaugh, D. J., Millner, A. J. & McNally, R. J. Identifying highly influential nodes in the complicated grief network. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 125 (6), 747\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000181 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"65455_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm045","volume":"9","author":"J Friedman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Friedman, J., Hastie, T. & Tibshirani, R. Sparse inverse covariance estimation with the graphical lasso. Biostatistics 9 (3), 432\u2013441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm045 (2008).","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0910-x","volume":"50","author":"JMB Haslbeck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haslbeck, J. M. B. & Waldorp, L. J. How well do network models predict observations? On the importance of predictability in network models. Behav. Res. Methods. 50 (2), 853\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-017-0910-x (2018).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-020-01096-0","volume":"53","author":"N Trompeter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trompeter, N. et al. Mental health literacy and stigma among salvadorian youth: anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive related disorders. Child. Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 53 (1), 48\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-020-01096-0 (2022).","journal-title":"Child. Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"issue":"4","key":"65455_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12520","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12520","volume":"14","author":"KR Ding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding, K. R. et al. Low mental health literacy and its association with depression, anxiety and poor sleep quality in Chinese elderly. Asia Pac. Psychiatry. 14 (4), e12520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/appy.12520 (2022).","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20020-y","volume":"24","author":"SL Zhong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhong, S. L., Wang, S. B., Ding, K. R., Tan, W. Y. & Zhou, L. Low mental health literacy is associated with depression and anxiety among adults: a population-based survey of 16,715 adults in China. BMC Public. Health. 24 (1), 2721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20020-y (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Public. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331613","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022x.2024.2331613","volume":"46","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Zou, L. & Zhou, L. Effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on psychological distress and health-related quality of life among patients with maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren. Fail. 46 (1), 2331613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022x.2024.2331613 (2024).","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"issue":"3","key":"65455_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025957","volume":"67","author":"AF Jorm","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jorm, A. F. Mental health literacy: empowering the community to take action for better mental health. Am. Psychol. 67 (3), 231\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0025957 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"65455_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2026.2631801","author":"BH Hassen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hassen, B. H., Machfer, H., Bouzid, M. A. & A. & Neurocognitive and psychosocial burden in patients with end-stage renal disease: a pilot study. Appl. Neuropsychol. Adult. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23279095.2026.2631801 (2026).","journal-title":"Appl. Neuropsychol. Adult"},{"key":"65455_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-026-04780-w","author":"H Tan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tan, H., Ma, X., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y. & Li, L. The relationship between sleep quality, fatigue, and depressive symptoms in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a cross-lagged analysis. BMC Nephrol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-026-04780-w (2026).","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"65455_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.140","volume":"334","author":"T Bolgeo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bolgeo, T. et al. Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in an Italian coronary heart disease population. J. Affect. Disord. 334, 213\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2023.04.140 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord"},{"key":"65455_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01272","volume":"6","author":"L Altweck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Altweck, L., Marshall, T. C., Ferenczi, N. & Lefringhausen, K. Mental health literacy: a cross-cultural approach to knowledge and beliefs about depression, schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder. Front. Psychol. 6, 1272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.01272 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"65455_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12982","volume":"56","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Investigation of core symptoms and symptom clusters in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a network analysis. J. Nurs. Scholarsh. 56 (5), 628\u2013637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnu.12982 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Nurs. Scholarsh."},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527321666220401140747","volume":"22","author":"HN Asad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asad, H. N., Al-Hakeim, H. K., Moustafa, S. R. & Maes, M. A causal-pathway phenotype of chronic fatigue syndrome due to hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease. CNS Neurol. Disord Drug Targets. 22 (2), 191\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527321666220401140747 (2023).","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"65455_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2025.105210","volume":"172","author":"X Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng, X. & Wang, A. Vulnerability and core intervention targets in the symptom burden for personalized symptom management in hemodialysis care: a computational simulation modeling study. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 172, 105210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2025.105210 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91025-9","volume":"15","author":"C Niu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Niu, C. et al. A network analysis of the heterogeneity and associated risk and protective factors of depression and anxiety among college students. Sci. Rep. 15 (1), 6699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-91025-9 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-06443-2","volume":"25","author":"Z Chang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chang, Z. et al. A network analysis of depression and anxiety symptoms among Chinese elderly living alone: based on the 2017\u20132018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). BMC Psychiatry. 25 (1), 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-06443-2 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"65455_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000754","volume":"71","author":"JH Hammer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hammer, J. H. et al. The integrated behavioral model of mental health help seeking (IBM-HS): a health services utilization theory of planned behavior for accessing care. J. Couns. Psychol. 71 (5), 315\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/cou0000754 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Couns. Psychol."},{"key":"65455_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2147\/rmhp.S401205","volume":"16","author":"C Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie, C., Li, L. & Li, Y. Alive day is the day: a qualitative study of experiences of learned helplessness in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Risk Manag Healthc. Policy. 16, 231\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/rmhp.S401205 (2023).","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc. Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/00050067.2023.2282540","volume":"59","author":"C Adams","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adams, C., Gringart, E. & Strobel, N. Barriers to mental health help-seeking among older adults with chronic diseases. Australian Psychol. 59 (2), 154\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00050067.2023.2282540 (2024).","journal-title":"Australian Psychol."},{"key":"65455_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513524","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1513524","volume":"15","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Symptom network analysis of insomnia-depression-anxiety-stigma in tuberculosis patients. Front. Psychiatry. 15, 1513524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1513524 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"65455_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.09.018","volume":"586","author":"H Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. Enhanced volume and resting-state functional connectivity of amygdala subregions in patients with insomnia disorder. Neuroscience 586, 154\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.09.018 (2025).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01485-7","volume":"273","author":"W Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duan, W. et al. Distinct functional brain abnormalities in insomnia disorder and obstructive sleep apnea. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 273 (2), 493\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-022-01485-7 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"65455_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109269","volume":"219","author":"EC Sullivan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sullivan, E. C., McCall, C., Henderson, L. M. & Cairney, S. A. Disentangling sleep\u2019s role in emotion processing. Neuropsychologia 219, 109269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109269 (2025).","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031","volume":"69","author":"JS Scherer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scherer, J. S., Combs, S. A. & Brennan, F. Sleep disorders, restless legs syndrome, and uremic pruritus: diagnosis and treatment of common symptoms in dialysis patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 69 (1), 117\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.07.031 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"65455_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsx133","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx133","volume":"40","author":"Y Motomura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Motomura, Y., Katsunuma, R., Yoshimura, M. & Mishima, K. Two days\u2019 sleep debt causes mood decline during resting state via diminished amygdala-prefrontal connectivity. Sleep 40 (10), zsx133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsx133 (2017).","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"65455_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.09.024","volume":"179","author":"Z Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su, Z. et al. Gender differences in the co-occurrence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among early adolescents: a network approach. J. Psychiatr Res. 179, 300\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2024.09.024 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"65455_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76913","DOI":"10.2196\/76913","volume":"27","author":"H Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, H. et al. Gender differences in psychosocial pathways to depression and anxiety: cross-sectional and bayesian causal network study. J. Med. Internet Res. 27, e76913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/76913 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"65455_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/daae131","author":"D Cavanagh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cavanagh, D., Jorm, A., Reavley, N., Basden, S. & Hart, L. M. Mental health literacy of adolescents in Bermuda, according to age, gender and race. Health Promot Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/heapro\/daae131 (2024).","journal-title":"Health Promot Int."},{"key":"65455_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642296","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.642296","volume":"8","author":"J Portol\u00e9s","year":"2021","unstructured":"Portol\u00e9s, J., Mart\u00edn, L., Broseta, J. J. & Cases, A. Anemia in chronic kidney disease: from pathophysiology and current treatments, to future agents. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 8, 642296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.642296 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5467","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89197-5","volume":"15","author":"E Lukkanalikitkul","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lukkanalikitkul, E., Kidkaem, H., Phonrat, M., Prathompong, P. & Anutrakulchai, S. A randomized trial comparing medium cut-off membrane dialyzers with online hemodiafiltration for uremic toxins clearance in hemodialysis patients. Sci. Rep. 15 (1), 5467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-89197-5 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"65455_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae003","volume":"39","author":"Y Battaglia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Battaglia, Y. et al. Online haemodiafiltration and all-cause mortality: how fragile are the results of the studies published so far? Nephrol. Dial Transpl. 39 (6), 1034\u20131036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae003 (2024).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial Transpl."},{"key":"65455_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1542028","author":"Y Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Effects of mindfulness meditation combined with progressive muscle relaxation on sleep disorders, anxiety, and depression in patients with sarcopenia undergoing hemodialysis. Front. Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2025.1542028 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.2025.J005","volume":"267","author":"W-Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, W-Y., Li, J. & Xia, D. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy combined with jacobson progressive muscle relaxation in improving sleep quality and overall well-being in hemodialysis patients with insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 267 (2), 141\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1620\/tjem.2025.J005 (2025).","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.7326\/m23-1794","volume":"177","author":"R Mehrotra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mehrotra, R. et al. Effectiveness of existing insomnia therapies for patients undergoing hemodialysis: a randomized clinical trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 177 (2), 177\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m23-1794 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"65455_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab290","volume":"37","author":"JJ Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, J. J. et al. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for restless legs syndrome in end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis. Nephrol. Dial Transpl. 37 (10), 1982\u20131992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfab290 (2022).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial Transpl."},{"key":"65455_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20115981","author":"CJ Gonz\u00e1lez-Flores","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Flores, C. J., Garcia-Garcia, G., Lerma, C., Guzm\u00e1n-Salda\u00f1a, R. M. E. & Lerma, A. Effect of cognitive behavioral intervention combined with the resilience model to decrease depression and anxiety symptoms and increase the quality of life in ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20115981 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health"},{"key":"65455_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.02.010","volume":"25","author":"X Tan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tan, X., Al\u00e9n, M., Wiklund, P., Partinen, M. & Cheng, S. Effects of aerobic exercise on home-based sleep among overweight and obese men with chronic insomnia symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep. Med. 25, 113\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.02.010 (2016).","journal-title":"Sleep. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2021.1909594","volume":"20","author":"AL Soprovich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soprovich, A. L. et al. Sleep health in male-dominated workplaces: a qualitative study examining the perspectives of male employees. Behav. Sleep. Med. 20 (2), 224\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15402002.2021.1909594 (2022).","journal-title":"Behav. Sleep. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.61882\/pcnm.15.2.3","volume":"15","author":"S Nooshazari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nooshazari, S., Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, A. & Falsafinejad, M. R. Efficacy of a mindful compassion intervention on reducing pain catastrophizing and rumination in women with mobility disability: a randomized controlled trial. Prev. Care Nurs. Midwifery J. 15 (2), 3\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61882\/pcnm.15.2.3 (2025).","journal-title":"Prev. Care Nurs. Midwifery J."},{"issue":"1","key":"65455_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2025.3646189","volume":"17","author":"J Shen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shen, J. et al. WDANet: wasserstein distribution inspired dynamic adversarial network for EEG-based cross-domain depression recognition. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 17 (1), 1091\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TAFFC.2025.3646189 (2026).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"key":"65455_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104224","volume":"132","author":"J Shen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shen, J. et al. Emotion recognition using multimodal physiological signals through regional to global fusion with a spatial-temporal semantic alignment mechanism. Inform. Fusion. 132, 104224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2026.104224 (2026).","journal-title":"Inform. Fusion"},{"key":"65455_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2026.3675425","author":"T Wang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wang, T. et al. Explainable affective body expression recognition with multi-scale spatiotemporal encoding and LLM-based reasoning. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TAFFC.2026.3675425 (2026).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"65455_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2026.3672521","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. R2G3 net: a novel hierarchical spatial-temporal neural network with a regional-to-global fusion mechanism for multimodal emotion recognition. IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput. 17 (2), 1774\u20131787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TAFFC.2026.3672521 (2026).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Affect. Comput."},{"key":"65455_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2025.102971","volume":"118","author":"T Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, T., Mao, R., Liu, S., Cambria, E. & Ming, D. Explainable multi-frequency and multi-region fusion model for affective brain-computer interfaces. Inform. Fusion. 118, 102971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.inffus.2025.102971 (2025).","journal-title":"Inform. Fusion"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-65455-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-65455-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-65455-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:50:44Z","timestamp":1787565044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-65455-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["65455"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-65455-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Ethics Review Approval ID: 2026150). The study adheres to the guidance listed in the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki. During the field survey, all Maintenance Hemodialysis signed an informed consent form under the direction of the investigator.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical consideration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"26495"}}