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HPLC analysis showed a high phenolic content dominated by gallic acid (61.25%) and chlorogenic acid (38.74%), indicating strong antioxidant potential. GC\u2013MS profiling identified fifty compounds, mainly aromatic\/heterocyclic constituents (37.37%) and lipid-derived constituents (37.04%), supporting diverse bioactivities and enabling nanoparticle biosynthesis through natural reducing and stabilizing agents. The successful formation of ME-SeNPs was confirmed by UV\u2013Vis spectroscopy, evidenced by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 260\u2013350\u00a0nm and a clear visible color change. DLS measurements indicated moderate colloidal stability, with an average particle size of 292\u00a0nm and a zeta potential of\u2009\u2212\u200933.13\u00a0mV. Morphological characterization by TEM and SEM revealed well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles with a size range of 35\u201365\u00a0nm. In addition, FTIR results verified the involvement of proteins and polysaccharides in the nanoparticle formation process. Biologically, ME-SeNPs exhibited significant antimicrobial activity. Testing against two standard bacterial strains demonstrated stronger inhibition of the Gram-negative bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MIC\u2009=\u200931.25\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL) compared with the Gram-positive strain\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MIC\u2009=\u200962.5\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL). Regarding molluscicidal potential, the biogenic nanoparticles produced dose-dependent lethality against\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria alexandrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with the median lethal concentration LC50\u2009=\u2009135.27\u00a0mg\/L (95% CI 96.10\u2013161.86\u00a0mg\/L). The steep regression slope (1.18). Moreover, ME-SeNPs demonstrated dose-dependent molluscicidal effects in\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria alexandrina<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However, sublethal exposure enhanced immune responses while concurrently inducing significant DNA damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-65860-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T06:04:27Z","timestamp":1788761067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mytilus edulis-mediated green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles with antimicrobial and molluscicidal applications"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hebat-Allah A.","family":"Dokmak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moaz","family":"AlSedawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa A.","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basma H.","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amna H.","family":"Faid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagar F.","family":"Abdelmaksoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salwa M.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"65860_CR1","volume-title":"Marine Mussels: Their Ecology and Physiology","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bayne, B. 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