{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:58:42Z","timestamp":1787169522491,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018778","name":"Al-Azhar University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The fall armyworm (\n                    <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) has developed resistance to numerous insecticides and is currently considered one of the most destructive pests threatening global crop production. Consequently, the development of environmentally sustainable pest management strategies has become increasingly important. Insect-associated pathogenic bacteria represent a promising source of bioactive metabolites with potential insecticidal properties. In the present study, pathogenic bacteria associated with\n                    <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    were isolated and molecularly identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain INS420 based on 16\u00a0S rRNA gene sequencing. The secondary metabolites produced by this bacterium demonstrated significant insecticidal activity under both laboratory and field conditions. Metabolic profiling of the extracted compounds was performed using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS) and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS), revealing the presence of several bioactive compounds, including diketopiperazines, fatty acids and their esters, squalene, phthalate derivatives, and a cardenolide. To gain insights into the potential mechanism of action, molecular docking simulations were conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of the identified metabolites with\n                    <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Among the detected compounds, squalene and several fatty acid derivatives exhibited stable interactions within the active site of the enzyme, suggesting a possible inhibitory effect on AChE activity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>S. marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with\n                    <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    produces metabolites with notable insecticidal potential and highlight insect-associated pathogenic bacteria as a valuable source of bioactive compounds for the sustainable management of fall armyworm.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-66375-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:56:59Z","timestamp":1787165819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insecticidal metabolites from Serratia marcescens associated with the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): molecular identification, metabolomic profiling and molecular docking insights"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kreema A.","family":"El-Lebody","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3784-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramy E.","family":"El-Ansary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa A.","family":"Nour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha G.","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Elsebaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada M.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"66375_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13489","author":"MR Akhtar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Akhtar, M. R., Younas, M. & Xia, X. Pathogenicity of Serratia marcescens strains as biological control agent: Implications for sustainable pest management. Insect Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-7917.13489 (2025).","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"key":"66375_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16090933","volume":"16","author":"Y Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo, Y. et al. Changes in gut microbiota, midgut structure, and gene expression of Spodoptera frugiperda infected by Serratia marcescens. Insects 16, 933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/insects16090933 (2025).","journal-title":"Insects"},{"issue":"2","key":"66375_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4020210","volume":"4","author":"ML Pineda-Castellanos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pineda-Castellanos, M. L. et al. Pathogenicity of isolates of Serratia marcescens towards larvae of the scarab Phyllophaga blanchardi (Coleoptera). Pathogens (Basel Switzerland) 4(2), 210\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens4020210 (2015).","journal-title":"Pathogens (Basel Switzerland)"},{"issue":"9","key":"66375_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9090906","volume":"9","author":"Y Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng, Y. et al. Reconstruction of gut bacteria in Spodoptera frugiperda infected by Beauveria bassiana affects the survival of host pest. J. Fungi 9(9), 906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof9090906 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"issue":"10","key":"66375_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12102031","volume":"12","author":"F Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, F., Wang, N., Wang, Y. & Yu, Z. The insecticidal activity of secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces sp. SA61 against Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Microorganisms 12(10), 2031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12102031 (2024).","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"9","key":"66375_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091466","volume":"12","author":"R Arivuselvam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arivuselvam, R. et al. Isolation, identification, and antibacterial properties of prodigiosin, a bioactive product produced by a new Serratia marcescens JSSCPM1 strain: exploring the biosynthetic gene clusters of Serratia species for biological applications. Antibiotics 12 (9), 1466 (2023).","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"66375_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/mid.2025.351886.2455","author":"N Prabha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prabha, N. et al. Prodigiosin as a sustainable dye: Investigating its antimicrobial properties for textile applications. Microbes Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/mid.2025.351886.2455 (2025).","journal-title":"Microbes Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"66375_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/colorants4020018","volume":"4","author":"GE Quintanilla-Villanueva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Quintanilla-Villanueva, G. E. et al. Prodigiosin: A potential eco-friendly insecticide for sustainable crop protection. Colorants 4(2), 18 (2025).","journal-title":"Colorants"},{"issue":"4","key":"66375_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2365-9","volume":"109","author":"CD Patil","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patil, C. D., Patil, S. V., Salunke, B. K. & Salunkhe, R. B. Prodigiosin produced by Serratia marcescens NMCC46 as a mosquito larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Parasitol. Res. 109 (4), 1179\u20131187 (2011).","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"66375_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29071466","volume":"29","author":"GM El-Sayed","year":"2024","unstructured":"El-Sayed, G. M., Emam, M. T., Hammad, M. A. & Mahmoud, S. H. Gene cloning, heterologous expression, and in silico analysis of chitinase B from Serratia marcescens for biocontrol of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae infesting maize crops. Molecules 29(7), 1466 (2024).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"66375_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cropro.2024.106623","volume":"179","author":"MA Bakirdogen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bakirdogen, M. A. & Eroglu, G. B. A highly active chitinase-A of Serratia ficaria isolated from Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Crop Prot. 179, 106623 (2024).","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"66375_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1177932219865533","volume":"13","author":"GO Oduselu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oduselu, G. O., Ajani, O. O., Ajamma, Y. U., Brors, B. & Adebiyi, E. Homology modelling and molecular docking studies of selected substituted benzo [d] imidazol-1-yl) methyl) benzimidamide scaffolds on Plasmodium falciparum adenylosuccinate lyase receptor. Bioinformatics Biol. Insights 13, 1177932219865533 (2019).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics Biol. Insights"},{"issue":"4","key":"66375_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14040809","volume":"14","author":"KAE Lebody","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lebody, K. A. E., Salim, R. G., El-Sayed, G. M. & Mahmoud, S. H. Identification and genetic diversity of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Egypt. Agronomy 14 (4), 809 (2024).","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"1","key":"66375_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(90)90047-a","volume":"55","author":"TG Benoit","year":"1990","unstructured":"Benoit, T. G., Wilson, G. R., Pryor, N. & Bull, D. L. Isolation and pathogenicity of Serratia marcescens from adult house flies infected with Entomophthora muscae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 55(1), 142\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-2011(90)90047-a (1990).","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"66375_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijab\/2024.215","volume":"14","author":"KBF Zerbo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zerbo, K. B. F. et al. Characterization of the entomopathogenic bacteria of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith,) in western Burkina Faso. Int. J. Agric. Biosci. 14 (2), 244\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47278\/journal.ijab\/2024.215 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Biosci."},{"key":"66375_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41938-020-00278-1","volume":"30","author":"MA Kandil","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kandil, M. A., Abdel-kerim, R. N. & Moustafa, M. A. M. Lethal and sublethal effects of bio-and chemical insecticides on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Egypt. J. Biol. Pest Control. 30, 1\u20137 (2020).","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Biol. Pest Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"66375_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28502-6","volume":"13","author":"T Clements-Decker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Clements-Decker, T. et al. Secondary metabolic profiling of Serratia marcescens NP10 reveals new stephensiolides and glucosamine derivatives with bacterial membrane activity. Sci. Rep. 13(1), 2360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-28502-6 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"66375_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47363\/JBBR\/2024(6)186","volume":"6","author":"C Ekwealor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ekwealor, C. et al. Secondary metabolite profiling and antibacterial activities of indigenous Serratia marcescens. J. Biotechnol. Bioinf. Res. 6, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47363\/JBBR\/2024(6)186 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol. Bioinf. Res."},{"key":"66375_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.53879\/id.61.07.14630","volume":"61","author":"A Jeyameenakshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeyameenakshi, A. & Harini, K. Bio-prospecting for active compounds: FTIR and GCMS profiling of ethyl acetate-extracted secondary metabolites from sea water- origin Acinetobacter baumannii MP-1. Indian Drugs. 61, 59\u201368 (2024).","journal-title":"Indian Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"66375_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-020-00721-7","volume":"56","author":"MAM Moustafa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moustafa, M. A. M. et al. Toxicity and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 56 (2), 115\u2013124 (2021).","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool."},{"key":"66375_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4001\/003.026.0084","volume":"26","author":"HM Hamada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamada, H. M., Awad, M., EL-Hefny, M. & Moustafa, M. M. A. Insecticidal activity of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) oils on the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Afr. Entomol. 26, 84\u201394 (2018).","journal-title":"Afr. Entomol."},{"issue":"2","key":"66375_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/48.2.157","volume":"48","author":"CF Henderson","year":"1955","unstructured":"Henderson, C. F. & TILTON, E. W. Tests with acaricides against the brown wheat mite. J. Econ. Entomol. 48 (2), 157\u2013161 (1955).","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"issue":"12","key":"66375_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.12.5463","volume":"74","author":"F Sanger","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. & Coulson, A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 74 (12), 5463\u20135467 (1977).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"66375_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.53879\/id.61.07.14630","volume":"41","author":"TA Hall","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hall, T. A. BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 41, 95\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53879\/id.61.07.14630 (1999).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser."},{"issue":"5","key":"66375_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","volume":"32","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edgar, R. C. MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res. 32(5), 1792\u20131797 (2004).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"66375_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","volume":"38","author":"K Tamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Mol. Biol. Evol. 38 (7), 3022\u20133027 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"4","key":"66375_CR27","first-page":"406","volume":"4","author":"N Saitou","year":"1987","unstructured":"Saitou, N. & Nei, M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4 (4), 406\u2013425 (1987).","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"4","key":"66375_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x","volume":"39","author":"J Felsenstein","year":"1985","unstructured":"Felsenstein, J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39(4), 783\u2013791 (1985).","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"21","key":"66375_CR29","first-page":"132","volume":"3","author":"TH Jukes","year":"1969","unstructured":"Jukes, T. H. & Cantor, C. R. Evolution of protein molecules. Mammalian Protein Metab. 3(21), 132 (1969).","journal-title":"Mammalian Protein Metab."},{"issue":"6364","key":"66375_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/356083a0","volume":"356","author":"R L\u00fcthy","year":"1992","unstructured":"L\u00fcthy, R., Bowie, J. U. & Eisenberg, D. Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles. Nature 356 (6364), 83\u201385 (1992).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"66375_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228148","volume":"8","author":"RA Laskowski","year":"1996","unstructured":"Laskowski, R. A., Rullmann, J. A. C., MacArthur, M. W., Kaptein, R. & Thornton, J. M. AQUA and PROCHECK-NMR: programs for checking the quality of protein structures solved by NMR. J. Biomol. NMR. 8 (4), 477\u2013486 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Biomol. NMR."},{"issue":"1","key":"66375_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-3-33","volume":"3","author":"NM O\u2019Boyle","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Boyle, N. M. et al. Open Babel: An open chemical toolbox. J. Cheminform. 3 (1), 1\u201314 (2011). ISO 690.","journal-title":"J. Cheminform."},{"issue":"8","key":"66375_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00203","volume":"61","author":"J Eberhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eberhardt, J., Santos-Martins, D., Tillack, A. F. & Forli, S. AutoDock Vina 1.2. 0: New docking methods expanded force field, and python bindings. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 61 (8), 3891\u20133898 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"66375_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt447","volume":"29","author":"J Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, J., Roy, A. & Zhang, Y. Protein-ligand binding site recognition using complementary binding-specific substructure comparison and sequence profile alignment. Bioinformatics 29, 2588\u20132595 (2013).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"66375_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/18.2.265a","volume":"18","author":"WS Abbott","year":"1925","unstructured":"Abbott, W. S. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 18, 265\u2013267 (1925).","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"66375_CR36","volume-title":"Principles and procedures of Statistics: A Biomerical Approach","author":"R Steel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Steel, R., Torrie, J. & Dickey, D. Principles and procedures of Statistics: A Biomerical Approach 3 ed. (McGraw-Hill, 1997).","edition":"3 ed."},{"key":"66375_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Danai Tambhale, S. D. development of bioinsecticides against spodoptera frugiperda using chitinolytic bacteria: Life sciences-microbiology. Int. J. Life Sci. Pharma Res. 8(3), 9\u201315 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22376\/ijpbs\/lpr.2018.8.3.L9-15","DOI":"10.22376\/ijpbs\/lpr.2018.8.3.L9-15"},{"issue":"1","key":"66375_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-22057-4","volume":"15","author":"A Valdez-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Valdez-Ram\u00edrez, A. et al. Synergistic efficacy of extract of Jatropha curcas seeds and enzyme extract of Serratia marcescens against Spodoptera frugiperda under greenhouse conditions. Sci. Rep. 15(1), 38212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-22057-4 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"66375_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-021-05072-w","volume":"198","author":"CJ Mason","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mason, C. J., Peiffer, M., St Clair, A., Hoover, K. & Felton, G. W. Concerted impacts of antiherbivore defenses and opportunistic Serratia pathogens on the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Oecologia 198 (1), 167\u2013178 (2022).","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"issue":"8","key":"66375_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9080827","volume":"9","author":"S Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, S. et al. Post-application field persistence and efficacy of Cordyceps javanica against Bemisia tabaci. J. Fungi 9(8), 827 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"issue":"1","key":"66375_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3415-x","volume":"12","author":"AR Paula","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paula, A. R., Ribeiro, A., Lemos, F. J. A., Silva, C. P. & Samuels, R. I. Neem oil increases the persistence of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Parasites Vectors 12(1), 163. (2019).","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"66375_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(71)90046-2","volume":"18","author":"DE Pinnock","year":"1971","unstructured":"Pinnock, D. E., Brand, R. J. & Milstead, J. E. The field persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis spores. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 18(3), 405\u2013411 (1971).","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"66375_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Metagenomic sequencing of microbial communities in midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda larva induced by Serratia marcescens WY 26. (2025).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6114163\/v1"},{"issue":"8","key":"66375_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202300411","volume":"20","author":"KC Kobenan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kobenan, K. C. et al. In vitro and molecular docking evaluation of larvicidal effects of essential oils of five aromatic plants on the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda JE. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Ivory Coast. Chem. Biodivers. 20(8), e202300411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202300411 (2023).","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"66375_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2024.106164","volume":"205","author":"C Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, C. et al. Insecticide binding mode analysis and biological effects of acetylcholinesterase target-site resistance mutations in Spodoptera frugiperda. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 205, 106164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pestbp.2024.106164 (2024).","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-66375-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-66375-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-66375-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:07:58Z","timestamp":1787166478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-66375-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["66375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-66375-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"26057"}}