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To investigate the influence of support composition on catalytic performance, a series of Al\u2082O\u2083\u2013MgO binary oxide supports with different weight ratios (Al75:Mg25, Al50:Mg50, and Al25:Mg75) were synthesized. The prepared supports and their corresponding fresh and spent catalysts were comprehensively characterized using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Among the Al\u2082O\u2083\u2013MgO mixed-oxide-supported catalysts, Co\u2013Mo\/Al\n                    <jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013Mg\n                    <jats:sub>75<\/jats:sub>\n                    exhibited the highest hydrogen concentration and produced well-graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). In contrast, Co\u2013Mo\/Al\n                    <jats:sub>75<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013Mg\n                    <jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\n                    exhibited the lowest hydrogen production and promoted the formation of turbostratic carbon, graphitic flakes, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), dense graphene layers, and carbon nano-onions (CNOs) encapsulating Co particles. Although CoMo\/MgO exhibited the highest hydrogen concentration overall among all the investigated catalysts, Co\u2013Mo\/Al\n                    <jats:sub>25<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013Mg\n                    <jats:sub>75<\/jats:sub>\n                    provided the best overall catalytic performance when hydrogen production was considered together with the yield and graphitization quality of the carbon nanomaterials. These findings demonstrate that optimizing the Al\u2082O\u2083\u2013MgO support composition effectively balances hydrogen production and carbon nanomaterial growth during catalytic conversion of plastic waste.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-66503-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:24:41Z","timestamp":1787099081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual production of turquoise hydrogen and hybrid carbon nano materials from plastic waste over Co-Mo\/Al-Mg catalysts"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Haggar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed E.","family":"Awadallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ateyya A.","family":"Aboul-Enein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galal H.","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"66503_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.09.029","volume":"119","author":"F Ronkay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ronkay, F., Molnar, B., Gere, D. & Czigany, T. 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