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The aim of this study is to assess the antitumor, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities of bio-produced COSs from\n                    <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain isolated from Egyptian soil. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of COSs, an MTT assay was performed. To find that COSs exhibit antitumor activity against MCF-7, HepG-2, A549, and CACO-2 cell lines with mean IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 818.8\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, 1845.9\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, 1293.9\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, and 1432.9\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. In addition, the antioxidant activity of COSs was measured by assessing their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity relative to ascorbic acid. The tested COSs showed strong DPPH radical-scavenging activity at high concentration (98.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10%). Assessing the antioxidant activity of COSs was also carried out using the HFD-mice model by measuring catalase and other enzyme levels in blood, stomach, and liver samples. The 0.5% COS dose increased catalase, GSH, and GPx levels in liver, stomach, and serum specimens (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The antibiofilm activity of the tested COSs was assayed using a microtiter plate assay against\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilm-forming microorganisms. The tested COS at 125\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL showed promising activity against biofilm formation by\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with 51.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2 and 43\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1, respectively. In conclusion, COSs showed promising antitumor, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-67916-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:59:01Z","timestamp":1788407941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antitumor, antioxidant, and antibiofilm activities of chitooligosaccharides by chitosanase from Bacillus cereus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1405-5408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akram N.","family":"Salah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nooran S.","family":"Elleboudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.S.","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talat A.","family":"EL-kersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud A.","family":"Yassien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"67916_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8205","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158205","volume":"23","author":"W Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao, W. et al. 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