{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:04:03Z","timestamp":1789470243555,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-67977-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:25:25Z","timestamp":1788200725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validated stability indicating reverse phase liquid chromatography method for oxcarbazepine and its degradation products with greenness evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1478-6310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aktham","family":"Mestareehi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"67977_CR1","unstructured":"Epilepsy. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/epilepsy."},{"key":"67977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.11.018","volume":"69","author":"JJ Shih","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shih, J. J. et al. Epilepsy treatment in adults and adolescents: Expert opinion, 2016. Epilepsy Behav. 69, 186\u2013222 (2017).","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav."},{"key":"67977_CR3","unstructured":"Oxcarbazepine. Wikipedia (2025)."},{"key":"67977_CR4","unstructured":"Preuss, C. V., Randhawa, G. & Saadabadi, A. Oxcarbazepine. in StatPearls (StatPearls Publishing, 2025)."},{"key":"67977_CR5","unstructured":"Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine): Side Effects, Uses, Dosage, Interactions, Warnings. RxList https:\/\/www.rxlist.com\/trileptal-drug.htm."},{"key":"67977_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2019.01.014","volume":"66","author":"M Bosak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bosak, M., S\u0142owik, A., Iwa\u0144ska, A., Lipi\u0144ska, M. & Turaj, W. Co-medication and potential drug interactions among patients with epilepsy. Seizure 66, 47\u201352 (2019).","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"67977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.10.018","volume":"83","author":"A Beydoun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beydoun, A. et al. Current role of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in the management of epilepsy. Seizure 83, 251\u2013263 (2020).","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"67977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26075","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c01496","volume":"9","author":"A Mestareehi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mestareehi, A. Global gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis reveal downregulated biomarkers as potential indicators for hepatocellular carcinoma. ACS Omega 9, 26075\u201326096 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"67977_CR9","unstructured":"Oxcarbazepine. https:\/\/go.drugbank.com\/drugs\/DB00776."},{"key":"67977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10299","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07787","volume":"9","author":"A Mestareehi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mestareehi, A. & Abu-Farsakh, N. Impact of protein phosphatase expressions on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. ACS Omega 9, 10299\u201310331 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"67977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/or.2026.073745","author":"A Mestareehi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mestareehi, A. Integrated global phosphoproteomic, bioinformatic, and machine learning analysis reveals regulatory networks of TOP1, TOP2A, TOP2B, and C1orf35 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Oncol. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/or.2026.073745 (2026).","journal-title":"Oncol. Res."},{"key":"67977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200424040-00001","volume":"24","author":"G Flesch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Flesch, G. Overview of the clinical pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine. Clin. Drug Investig. 24, 185\u2013203 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"67977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2021.1917377","volume":"14","author":"Y-T Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, Y.-T. et al. Population pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine: A systematic review. Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. 14, 853\u2013864 (2021).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"67977_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9979234","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9979234","volume":"2021","author":"A Mestareehi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mestareehi, A. et al. Metformin Increases Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity in Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells Derived from Lean Healthy Participants. J Diabetes Res 2021, 9979234 (2021).","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"67977_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58050559","volume":"58","author":"J \u010ciau\u0161kait\u0117","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u010ciau\u0161kait\u0117, J., Gel\u017einien\u0117, G. & Jurkevi\u010dien\u0117, G. Oxcarbazepine and hyponatremia. Medicina (Kaunas) 58, 559 (2022).","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"67977_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(02)00602-7","volume":"31","author":"ML Qi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Qi, M. L., Wang, P., Wang, L. J. & Fu, R. N. LC method for the determination of oxcarbazepine in pharmaceutical preparations. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 31, 57\u201362 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"67977_CR17","unstructured":"Raghavi, K., Sindhura, M., Prashanthi, R. & Nalluri, B. N. Studies on forced degradation of oxcarbazepine using LC-MS compatible stability indicating RP-HPLC method. J. Chem. Pharmaceutical Res. 4, (2012)."},{"key":"67977_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2025.124573","volume":"1257","author":"A Mestareehi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mestareehi, A. Development and validation of a stability-indicating reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying rivaroxaban (XARELTO). J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 1257, 124573 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"67977_CR19","unstructured":"Sonawane, S., Mokashi, A. S., Chhajed, S. & Kshirsagar, S. Development and validation of hplc method for estimation of oxcarbazepine in spiked human plasma: synthesis and characterization of its active metabolite. Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/DEVELOPMENT-AND-VALIDATION-OF-HPLC-METHOD-FOR-OF-IN-Sonawane-Mokashi\/42cd45e6317301820afa954d5fb181c8f11952b6#extracted (2019)."},{"key":"67977_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1163\/ej.9789004163300.i-1081.897","volume-title":"Handbook of Transnational Economic Governance Regimes","author":"J Abraham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abraham, J. International conference on harmonisation of technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use. In Handbook of Transnational Economic Governance Regimes (eds Tietje, C. & Brouder, A.) 1041\u20131053 (Brill | Nijhoff, 2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/ej.9789004163300.i-1081.897."},{"key":"67977_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2025.1551189","volume":"13","author":"A Mestareehi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mestareehi, A. Comprehensive and robust stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for rivaroxaban: Synergistic integration of infrared spectroscopy and clinical pharmacology insights. Front. Chem. 13, 1551189 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"67977_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104744","volume":"26","author":"AH Mestareehi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mestareehi, A. H. Optimized and validated stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for comprehensive profiling of process-related impurities and stress-induced degradation products in rivaroxaban (XARELTO)\u00ae. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 26, 4744 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"67977_CR23","unstructured":"FDA\/CDER\/\"Beers, D. Analytical Procedures and Methods Validation for Drugs and Biologics. (2015)."},{"key":"67977_CR24","unstructured":"USP 38\u2013NF 33 | USP-NF. https:\/\/www.uspnf.com\/official-text\/proposal-statuscommentary\/usp-38-nf-33."},{"key":"67977_CR25","unstructured":"Research, C. for D. E. and. Q1A(R2) Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/q1ar2-stability-testing-new-drug-substances-and-products (2020)."},{"key":"67977_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-33716-x","volume":"16","author":"A Mestareehi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mestareehi, A. A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate in bulk drug substances and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Sci Rep 16, 3692 (2026).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"67977_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2025.1678541","volume":"13","author":"A Mestareehi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mestareehi, A. A novel reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography approach for stability-indicating simultaneous analysis of brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate. Front. Chem. 13, 1678541 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"67977_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40543-019-0198-9","volume":"10","author":"S Jin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jin, S., Zhao, Q., Zhang, D., Zhao, Z. & Mei, S. Development and validation of an improved HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine and its active metabolite 10,11-dihydro-10-hydroxycarbazepine in human blood plasma and comparison with an UHPLC-MS\/MS method. J. Anal. Sci. Technol. 10, 36 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Anal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"67977_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-360X.2019.00128.8","volume":"12","author":"DP Pradhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pradhan, D. P. & Annapurna, M. M. Stability indicating HPLC-DAD method for the determination of oxcarbazepine - An anticonvulsant. Res. J. Pharm. Technol. 12, 723\u2013728 (2019).","journal-title":"Res. J. Pharm. Technol."},{"key":"67977_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpha.2024.101013","volume":"14","author":"L Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin, L. et al. Green analytical chemistry metrics for evaluating the greenness of analytical procedures. J. Pharm. Anal. 14, 101013 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Anal."},{"key":"67977_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.greeac.2024.100159","volume":"11","author":"SI Kaya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaya, S. I., Ozcelikay-Akyildiz, G. & Ozkan, S. A. Green metrics and green analytical applications: A comprehensive outlook from developing countries to advanced applications. Green Anal. Chem. 11, 100159 (2024).","journal-title":"Green Anal. Chem."},{"key":"67977_CR32","unstructured":"Process for the preparation of oxcarbazepine. (2009)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-67977-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-67977-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-67977-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:15:42Z","timestamp":1789467342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-67977-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["67977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-67977-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"28720"}}