{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:23:06Z","timestamp":1787808186600,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005711","name":"Universit\u00e4t Hamburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Astrocytes play pivotal roles in brain homeostasis and neuronal communication. Most astrocyte functions are orchestrated by intracellular Ca\u00b2\u207a signaling in response to neurotransmitters. Although astrocyte function has been widely studied, the ontogenetic development of their Ca\u00b2\u207a dynamics is not fully understood. This study investigated developmental changes in astrocyte Ca\u00b2\u207a signaling mediated by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors and adenosine receptors in the olfactory bulb. Stimulation with (R, S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), a group I mGluR agonist, evoked Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    signals that were sensitive to the mGluR\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    antagonist MTEP. Adenosine-evoked Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    transients were inhibited by the A\n                    <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                    antagonist ZM241385 in most astrocytes and by the A\n                    <jats:sub>2B<\/jats:sub>\n                    antagonist PSB603 in a small number of astrocytes. Both the fraction of astrocytes that respond to stimulation of mGluR\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    and A\n                    <jats:sub>2A\/B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors with Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    responses and the amplitude of the responses significantly decreased during the first four weeks of postnatal development. Our results show that olfactory bulb astrocytes create glutamatergic and adenosinergic Ca\u00b2\u207a signaling that is downregulated as the olfactory bulb matures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-68163-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:27:27Z","timestamp":1787804847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developmental changes in Ca2+ signaling mediated by A2A adenosine and mGluR5 glutamate receptors in olfactory bulb astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Mohammadpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Beiersdorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Samad-Yazdtchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Hirnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6518-6422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Lohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"68163_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786293","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.786293","volume":"15","author":"KA Lyon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyon, K. 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