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This study presents the design, optimization, and performance evaluation of a solar-powered remotely controlled robot for precision seed planting. The robotic platform integrates a photovoltaic energy system, an electric seed-metering mechanism, and an electronically controlled seed-depth adjustment unit to achieve accurate seed placement while minimizing energy consumption. The system was experimentally evaluated at four robot forward speeds (0.42\u20131.60 km h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and four target seed spacings (10\u201325 cm). Results showed high seed placement accuracy ranging from 98.08% to 98.80%, while the miss and multiple indices remained below 2% and 2.5%, respectively. Optimal metering performance was obtained at robot speeds of 0.82\u20131.20 km h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The seed-depth adjustment mechanism exhibited a strong linear relationship between motor rotations and penetration depth (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0.9996), ensuring precise depth control. Energy analysis indicated low power consumption (0.048\u20130.084 kWh) and a solar power supply ratio (95\u2013167%). These findings demonstrate that integrating solar energy with wirelessly controlled agricultural robotics can improve planting precision while enhancing energy efficiency and environmental sustainability in precision farming systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-68946-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:24:49Z","timestamp":1789496689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and performance evaluation of a solar powered remote controlled robot for precision seed planting"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shimaa","family":"Aboharg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El-Keway","family":"Abdelfattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Abdelmotaleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Eldesoukey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z. 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