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The objective of this study was to examine the distribution and presence of virulence factors in 13\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates that were isolated from 70 milk samples from subclinical cases of bovine mastitis, with an incidence of 18.57%. The Vitek 2 system (bioMerieux) verified each isolate.\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    produces virulence factors, which give it significant roles in the cause of the disease These virulence factors are encoded by virulence genes found on the\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    chromosome. The\n                    <jats:italic>ecfx<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene was identified in 13 (100%) of the 13\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates, according to molecular identification of the bacteria and detection of specific virulence genes. Additionally, all of the current genes\n                    <jats:italic>) lasR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>rhlI<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>pqsR<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>lecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>lasA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>proC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>toxA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>exoS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>and pelA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were found in 6 out of 13 isolates with an incidence of 46.15%.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-69514-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:05:10Z","timestamp":1789056310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular study of specific virulence genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from sub clinical bovine mastitis cases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6315-4512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eman S.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9533-3048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohad M.","family":"Dorgham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4201-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha Hamdy","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman F.","family":"Abdel-latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3436-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doaa D.","family":"Khalaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"69514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultana, T. et al. 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