{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:15:53Z","timestamp":1789139753512,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-69547-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T08:44:38Z","timestamp":1788597878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Physical activity and insomnia in adolescents: the chain mediating role of anxiety and short video addiction"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2768-0495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caisheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiru","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"69547_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15026","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.26","volume":"1","author":"CM Morin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morin, C. M. et al. Insomnia disorder. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 1, 15026 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"69547_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(03)90031-7","volume":"5","author":"T Roth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roth, T. & Roehrs, T. Insomnia: epidemiology, characteristics, and consequences. Clin. Cornerstone. 5 (3), 5\u201315 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Cornerstone"},{"issue":"1","key":"69547_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.04.002","volume":"14","author":"D Riemann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Riemann, D. et al. The hyperarousal model of insomnia: a review of the concept and its evidence. Sleep Med. Rev.  14 (1), 19\u201331 (2010).","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"69547_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1617","volume":"147","author":"JC Levenson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levenson, J. C., Kay, D. B. & Buysse, D. J. The pathophysiology of insomnia. Chest 147 (4), 1179\u20131192 (2015).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"69547_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2002.0186","volume":"6","author":"MM Ohayon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ohayon, M. M. Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Med. Rev. 6 (2), 97\u2013111 (2002).","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"issue":"9821","key":"69547_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60750-2","volume":"379","author":"CM Morin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morin, C. M. & Benca, R. Chronic insomnia. Lancet  379 (9821), 1129\u20131141 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"69547_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-02273-9","volume":"12","author":"Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu, Y. et al. The association between insomnia and suicide attempts among Chinese adolescents: a prospective cohort study. BMC Psychol. 12 (1), 777 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"69547_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2003.11440567","volume":"31","author":"HG Knuttgen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Knuttgen, H. G. What is exercise? A primer for practitioners. Phys. Sportsmed. 31 (3), 31\u201349 (2003).","journal-title":"Phys. Sportsmed."},{"issue":"2","key":"69547_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12745","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12745","volume":"28","author":"I Hartescu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hartescu, I. & Morgan, K. Regular physical activity and insomnia: an international perspective. J. Sleep Res. 28 (2), e12745 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"69547_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12297","volume":"24","author":"I Hartescu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hartescu, I., Morgan, K. & Stevinson, C. D. Increased physical activity improves sleep and mood outcomes in inactive people with insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. J. Sleep Res. 24 (5), 526\u2013534 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"69547_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67197","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067197","volume":"14","author":"E Bjornsdottir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bjornsdottir, E. et al. Association between physical activity over a 10-year period and current insomnia symptoms, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness: a European population-based study. BMJ OPEN. 14 (3), e67197 (2024).","journal-title":"BMJ OPEN."},{"issue":"2","key":"69547_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.11.178","volume":"143","author":"T Paparrigopoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paparrigopoulos, T., Tzavara, C., Theleritis, C., Soldatos, C. & Tountas, Y. Physical activity may promote sleep in cardiac patients suffering from insomnia. Int. J. Cardiol. 143 (2), 209\u2013211 (2010).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"69547_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2012.00726.x","volume":"17","author":"S Anand","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anand, S. et al. Physical activity and self-reported symptoms of insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and depression: the comprehensive dialysis study. Hemodial. Int. 17 (1), 50\u201358 (2013).","journal-title":"Hemodial. Int."},{"key":"69547_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Haegele, J. A., Liu, H. & Yu, F. Academic stress, physical activity, sleep, and mental health among Chinese adolescents. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health 18, 14 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147257"},{"key":"69547_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedin, G. et al. Insomnia in relation to academic performance, self-reported health, physical activity, and substance use among adolescents. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health  17, 17 (2020).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176433"},{"key":"69547_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.06.040","volume":"30","author":"L Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, L., Steptoe, A., Chen, Y., Ku, P. & Lin, C. Physical activity, smoking, and the incidence of clinically diagnosed insomnia. Sleep Med. 30, 189\u2013194 (2017).","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"69547_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2020.1714624","volume":"19","author":"AN Kaczkurkin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaczkurkin, A. N., Tyler, J., Turk-Karan, E., Belli, G. & Asnaani, A. The association between insomnia and anxiety symptoms in a naturalistic anxiety treatment setting. Behav. Sleep Med. 19 (1), 110\u2013125 (2021).","journal-title":"Behav. Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"69547_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2015.1058924","volume":"29","author":"J Morris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morris, J. et al. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety and insomnia in a higher education context. Anxiety Stress Copin  29 (4), 415\u2013431 (2016).","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Copin"},{"issue":"2","key":"69547_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149643","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149643","volume":"11","author":"N Choueiry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choueiry, N. et al. Insomnia and relationship with anxiety in university students: a cross-sectional designed study. PLOS ONE. 11 (2), e149643 (2016).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"69547_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.10.016","volume":"64","author":"M Jansson-Fr\u00f6jmark","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jansson-Fr\u00f6jmark, M. & Lindblom, K. A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia? A prospective study in the general population. J. Psychosom. Res. 64 (4), 443\u2013449 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"69547_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00061-4","volume":"40","author":"AG Harvey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harvey, A. G. A cognitive model of insomnia. Behav. Res. Ther. 40 (8), 869\u2013893 (2002).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"69547_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.04.002","volume":"21","author":"J Sarris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sarris, J., Panossian, A., Schweitzer, I., Stough, C. & Scholey, A. Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. Eur. Neuropsychopharm. 21 (12), 841\u2013860 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"69547_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68119","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-068119","volume":"13","author":"K Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, K., Chen, J., Huang, C. & Tang, S. Prevalence of and factors influencing depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents: a protocol for a systematic review. BMJ OPEN. 13 (3), e68119 (2023).","journal-title":"BMJ OPEN."},{"key":"69547_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2024.104380","volume":"248","author":"L Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, L., Li, X., Li, Y., Liu, X. & Huang, L. Types of short video addiction among college freshmen: effects on career adaptability, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. Acta Psychol. 248, 104380 (2024).","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"69547_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714774","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2026.1714774","volume":"20","author":"J Feng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Feng, J., Ni, H., Hou, Z., Zhao, L. & Lei, X. Effect of impact mechanism and intervention measures on sleep quality of college students addicted to short video: a randomly controlled trial. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 20, 1714774 (2026).","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"69547_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287735","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1287735","volume":"14","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, Z. & Kou, Y. Effect of short video addiction on the sleep quality of college students: chain intermediary effects of physical activity and procrastination behavior. Front. Psychol. 14, 1287735 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"69547_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, C. et al. Longitudinal relationships between nomophobia, addictive use of social media, and insomnia in adolescents. Healthcare-Basel  9, 9 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9091201"},{"issue":"1","key":"69547_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01865-9","volume":"12","author":"L Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang, L. & Yoo, Y. Adolescents\u2019 short-form video addiction and sleep quality: the mediating role of social anxiety. BMC Psychol. 12 (1), 369 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"key":"69547_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465109","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1465109","volume":"15","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. The relationship between personality and short video addiction among college students is mediated by depression and anxiety. Front. Psychol. 15, 1465109 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"69547_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428813","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1428813","volume":"15","author":"G Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, G., Geng, Y. & Wu, T. Effects of short-form video app addiction on academic anxiety and academic engagement: the mediating role of mindfulness. Front. Psychol. 15, 1428813 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"69547_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09656-x","volume":"15","author":"M Mao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mao, M. & Liao, F. Undergraduates short form video addiction and learning burnout association involving anxiety symptoms and coping styles moderation. Sci. Rep.-UK 15 (1), 24191 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep.-UK"},{"key":"69547_CR32","unstructured":"Chen, P., Lee, J. & Liu, S. Psychological phenomenon analysis of short video users\u2019 anxiety, addiction and subjective well-being. Int. J. Contents (2022)."},{"key":"69547_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinecke, L. Mood Management Theory (Springer, 2016).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118783764.wbieme0085"},{"key":"69547_CR34","unstructured":"Liang, D. Q. Stress level of college students and its relationship with physical exercise. Chin. Ment. Health J. 8, 2 (1994)."},{"issue":"5","key":"69547_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4030","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054030","volume":"20","author":"C Qiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu, C., Qi, Y. & Yin, Y. Multiple intermediary model test of adolescent physical exercise and internet addiction. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 20 (5), 4030 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"69547_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/ebm.12.5.149","volume":"12","author":"P Skapinakis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skapinakis, P. The 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting GAD in primary care. Evid. Based Med. 12 (5), 149 (2007).","journal-title":"Evid. Based Med."},{"key":"69547_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.01.002","volume":"69","author":"C Byrd-Bredbenner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Eck, K. & Quick, V. GAD-7, GAD-2, and GAD-mini: psychometric properties and norms of university students in the United States. Gen. Hosp. Psychiat. 69, 61\u201366 (2021).","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiat."},{"issue":"5","key":"69547_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/ebm.12.5.149","volume":"12","author":"P Skapinakis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skapinakis, P., Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L. & Williams, J. B. The 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting GAD in primary careAnxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Evid. Based Med. 12 (5), 149 (2007).","journal-title":"Evid. Based Med."},{"key":"69547_CR39","unstructured":"Mao, Z., Jiang, Y., Jin, T. & Wang, C. Preliminary development of problematic short video media use scale for university students. Chin. J. Behav. Med. Brain Sci. 2022, 462\u2013468 (2022)."},{"issue":"03","key":"69547_CR40","first-page":"440","volume":"v.31","author":"Z MAO","year":"2023","unstructured":"MAO, Z. & JIANG, Y. Effect of neurotic personality on problematic shortvideo use: a chain mediating effect of lonelinessand boredom tendencies. China J. Health Psychol. v.31 (03), 440\u2013446 (2023).","journal-title":"China J. Health Psychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"69547_CR41","first-page":"1026","volume":"31","author":"Z MAO","year":"2022","unstructured":"MAO, Z. & JIANG, Y. Latent categories of adolescents\u2019 short video media use tendency and their relationships with personality traits. Chin. J. Behav. Med. Brain Sci. 31 (11), 1026\u20131033 (2022).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Behav. Med. Brain Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"69547_CR42","first-page":"211","volume":"45","author":"M Fornal-Paw\u0142owska","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fornal-Paw\u0142owska, M., Wo\u0142y\u0144czyk-Gmaj, D. & Szelenberger, W. Validation of the Polish version of the Athens Insomnia Scale. Psychiatr. Pol. 45 (2), 211\u2013221 (2011).","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Pol."},{"issue":"3","key":"69547_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00604-9","volume":"55","author":"CR Soldatos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G. & Paparrigopoulos, T. J. The diagnostic validity of the Athens Insomnia Scale. J. Psychosom. Res.  55 (3), 263\u2013267 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"69547_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(00)00095-7","volume":"48","author":"CR Soldatos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Soldatos, C. R., Dikeos, D. G. & Paparrigopoulos, T. J. Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria. J. Psychosom. Res.  48 (6), 555\u2013560 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"69547_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eAO8058","DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2022AO8058","volume":"20","author":"CVR D\u2019Aurea","year":"2022","unstructured":"D\u2019Aurea, C. V. R., Frange, C., Poyares, D., Souza, A. A. L. D. & Lenza, M. Physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for adults with insomnia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Einstein-Sao Paulo 20, eAO8058 (2022).","journal-title":"Einstein-Sao Paulo"},{"issue":"3","key":"69547_CR46","first-page":"201","volume":"11","author":"\u0130 Demirer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demirer, \u0130. & Erol, S. The relationships between university students\u2019 physical activity levels, insomnia and psychological well-being. J. Psychiatr. Nurs. 11 (3), 201\u2013211 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Nurs."},{"key":"69547_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardiner, P. M., Kinnafick, F. E., Breen, K. C. & Hartescu, I. Physical activity as a tool to improve sleep quality for secure psychiatric inpatients: a feasibility study. J Sleep Res. 2026, e70095 (2026).","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70095"},{"key":"69547_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.04.003","volume":"100","author":"J\u00c1 Rubio-Arias","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rubio-Arias, J. \u00c1., Mar\u00edn-Cascales, E., Ramos-Campo, D. J., Hernandez, A. V. & P\u00e9rez-L\u00f3pez, F. R. Effect of exercise on sleep quality and insomnia in middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas 100, 49\u201356 (2017).","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"69547_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u0105browska-Galas, M., Ptaszkowski, K. & D\u0105browska, J. Physical activity level, insomnia and related impact in Medical Students in Poland. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health  18, 6 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063081"},{"key":"69547_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.08.101","volume":"269","author":"AO Werneck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Werneck, A. O., Vancampfort, D., Oyeyemi, A. L., Stubbs, B. & Silva, D. R. Associations between TV viewing, sitting time, physical activity and insomnia among 100,839 Brazilian adolescents. Psychiat. Res. 269, 700\u2013706 (2018).","journal-title":"Psychiat. Res."},{"key":"69547_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20764","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.20764","volume":"14","author":"LP De Paz-Mont\u00f3n","year":"2026","unstructured":"De Paz-Mont\u00f3n, L. P. et al. Physical exercise programmes to improve insomnia or poor sleep quality in non-hospitalised elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PEERJ 14, e20764 (2026).","journal-title":"PEERJ"},{"key":"69547_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.11.002","volume":"68","author":"H Lowe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lowe, H. et al. Does exercise improve sleep for adults with insomnia? A systematic review with quality appraisal. Clin. Psychol. Rev.  68, 1\u201312 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"69547_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00849","volume":"10","author":"C Oh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oh, C., Kim, H. Y., Na, H. K., Cho, K. H. & Chu, M. K. The effect of anxiety and depression on sleep quality of individuals with high risk for insomnia: a population-based study. Front. Neurol. 10, 849 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"69547_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C. et al. Sleep characteristics and risk factors in patients of insomnia comorbid with anxiety. BMC Psychol. (2026).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7681140\/v1"},{"key":"69547_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, D. P., Passos, G. S., Youngstedt, S. D. & Santana, M. G. Effects of exercise on anxiety and depression in patients with insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol. Behav. 2026, 115225 (2026).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2026.115225"},{"issue":"4","key":"69547_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10151","volume":"18","author":"CL Drake","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drake, C. L., Roehrs, T. & Roth, T. Insomnia causes, consequences, and therapeutics: an overview. Depress. Anxiety 18 (4), 163\u2013176 (2003).","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"69547_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S278988","volume":"13","author":"MD Manzar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manzar, M. D., Salahuddin, M., Pandi-Perumal, S. R. & Bahammam, A. S. Insomnia may mediate the relationship between stress and anxiety: a cross-sectional study in university students. Nat. Sci. Sleep 13, 31\u201338 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"69547_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.05.012","volume":"57","author":"CP McDowell","year":"2019","unstructured":"McDowell, C. P., Dishman, R. K., Gordon, B. R. & Herring, M. P. Physical activity and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am. J. Prev. Med. 57 (4), 545\u2013556 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"69547_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00027","volume":"4","author":"E Anderson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Anderson, E. & Shivakumar, G. Effects of exercise and physical activity on anxiety. Front. Psychiatry 4, 27 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"69547_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03956-6","volume":"22","author":"H Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, H. et al. Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its effects on subhealth and insomnia: a cross-sectional study among medical students. BMC Psychiatry 22 (1), 305 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"69547_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katsiroumpa, A. et al. Problematic tikTok use and its association with poor sleep: a cross-sectional study among Greek Young adults. Psychiatry Int. 2025, 6 (2025).","DOI":"10.3390\/psychiatryint6010025"},{"key":"69547_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806770","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2026.1806770","volume":"14","author":"A Wu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wu, A. & Yao, P. Does short-video addiction among college students contribute to sleep disorders? A mediation analysis based on network modeling. Front. Public Health  14, 1806770 (2026).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"69547_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429963","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1429963","volume":"15","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, Z. & Kou, Y. Effects of short video addiction on college students\u2019 physical activity: the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and procrastination. Front. Psychol.  15, 1429963 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"69547_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29466","volume":"10","author":"H Jianfeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jianfeng, H., Xian, Z. & Zexiu, A. Effects of physical exercise on adolescent short video addiction: a moderated mediation model. Heliyon 10 (8), e29466 (2024).","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"69547_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640353","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1640353","volume":"16","author":"G Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, G., Wu, K., Gu, J. & Zhang, Z. The relationship between physical activity and short video addiction among college students: mediating effects of self-control and social anxiety. Front. Psychol.  16, 1640353 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"69547_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71369","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.71369","volume":"16","author":"T Xiao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xiao, T. et al. When screens replace sleep: short video addiction impairs executive function through sleep disruption in youth\u2014Is physical activity the antidote? Brain Behav. 16 (4), e71369 (2026).","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"69547_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509636","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1509636","volume":"15","author":"J Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, J. & Chai, R. Adolescent short video addiction in China: unveiling key growth stages and driving factors behind behavioral patterns. Front. Psychol.  15, 1509636 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"69547_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663670","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1663670","volume":"16","author":"X Zhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhan, X. & Zhu, W. Influencing factors of short-form video addiction among Chinese university students: a systematic review. Front. Psychol.  16, 1663670 (2025).","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"69547_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Feng, S., Peng, R. & Li, H. Using structural equation modeling to examine pathways between physical activity and sleep quality among Chinese TikTok Users. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health  19, 9 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095142"},{"issue":"1","key":"69547_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-025-03710-z","volume":"13","author":"B Peng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peng, B. et al. Stepping away from the scroll: a chain mediation model from physical exercise and adolescent short video addiction. BMC Psychol. 13 (1), 1366 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Psychol."},{"issue":"9","key":"69547_CR71","first-page":"1975","volume":"54","author":"Z Su","year":"2025","unstructured":"Su, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhan, X. & Xiao, X. Physical exercise and behavioral addiction: how self-control and subjective emptiness jointly mediate the reduction of short-video addiction in adolescents. Iran. J. Public Health 54 (9), 1975\u20131984 (2025).","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"69547_CR72","first-page":"e41606","volume":"8","author":"W Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao, W. et al. The relationship between physical activity and mobile phone addiction among adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. JMIR Public Hlth Sur 8 (12), e41606 (2022).","journal-title":"JMIR Public Hlth Sur"},{"issue":"1","key":"69547_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21879-1","volume":"25","author":"Z Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, Z. et al. The impacts of physical activity on domain-specific short video usage behaviors among university students. BMC Public Health 25 (1), 1078 (2025).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"69547_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/00050067.2025.2567678","volume":"61","author":"E Aksakal","year":"2026","unstructured":"Aksakal, E., Kaya, F. & Aksakal, A. Sleep quality and general distress in individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: the mediating role of emotion regulation. Aust Psychol. 61 (2), 211\u2013225 (2026).","journal-title":"Aust Psychol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-69547-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-69547-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-69547-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:02:46Z","timestamp":1789138966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-69547-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["69547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-69547-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Jishou University Biomedical Ethics Committee before the initiation of the project (Grant number: 2025\u22120107). And informed consent was obtained from the participants and their guardians before starting the program. We confirm that all the experiment is in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations such as the declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"28480"}}