{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:09:24Z","timestamp":1788944964948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Given the paucity of objective physical activity (PA) and fitness assessment among adolescents in low-income settings, the underlying gender and socio-economic disparities remain poorly understood. Hence, we aimed to examine the associations of gender, household wealth and maternal education with PA and fitness among adolescents of a rural birth cohort in southeast Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study utilized data collected during the 15-year follow-up of MINIMat (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab) cohort. In total,\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    465 adolescents completed the household survey, and 2253 attended the subsequent PA and fitness assessment. Wrist-worn, triaxial accelerometers (dynamic range \u00b18G) were used to estimate sedentary time (ST), and total and intensity-specific PA. Valid accelerometry data (\u2265\u20095 days with \u2265\u2009600\u00a0min\/day awake wear time) were available for 1872 adolescents. Fitness indicators assessed were: handgrip strength, standing long jump distance, and aerobic capacity (VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). We fitted multiple multivariable-adjusted linear regression models and derived predicted means. About 58% adolescents spent\u2009\u2265\u200960\u00a0min\/day in moderate-to-vigorous PA. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, ST was higher among girls than boys (644 vs. 635\u00a0min\/day; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), in adolescents from the wealthiest than the poorest households (648 vs. 631\u00a0min\/day; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and in adolescents with educated mothers compared to those having mothers without formal education (646 vs. 636\u00a0min\/day; p\u2009=\u20090.005). While boys engaged in more vigorous PA (4 vs. 1\u00a0min(s)\/day; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), moderate PA was higher among girls (66 vs. 64\u00a0min\/day; p\u2009=\u20090.007). Moderate-to-vigorous PA did not vary by gender, but was higher among socio-economically disadvantaged adolescents than their peers from wealthier households. Predicted levels of weight-normalized grip strength (0.66 vs. 0.51), standing long jump distance (160.2 vs. 126.3\u00a0cm), and VO\n                    <jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>\n                    (34.8 vs. 33.2 mL\/kg\/minute) were higher among boys than girls. Adolescents from the wealthiest households had lower muscular fitness than those from the poorest households. We observed gender and socio-economic differences in PA and fitness, with girls and adolescents from relatively affluent and educated households demonstrating lower activity and fitness levels. Context-specific strategies tailored to gender and socio-economic disparities are needed to promote PA and fitness among rural adolescents in Bangladesh.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-70291-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:23:35Z","timestamp":1788877415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender and socio-economic differences in physical activity and fitness among rural Bangladeshi adolescents: a cross-sectional study from the 15-year follow-up of MINIMat cohort"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6005-0884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Redwanul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3496-8266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Delisle Nystr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Zart","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2273-4430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"L\u00f6f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9441-0590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Moshfiqur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5464-7756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva-Charlotte","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"70291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1018866","volume":"10","author":"Y-Y Xu","year":"1990","unstructured":"Xu, Y.-Y. et al. 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