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Onc."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this first-in-human open-label study, autologous FLT3 CAR-T cells were delivered to two patients with relapsed and refractory FLT3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    AML. Bone marrow examination revealed AML blasts with high but variable surface density of FLT3 expression. Following tumor cytoreduction and lymphodepletion, 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/kg of FLT3 CAR-T cells were administered, resulting in in vivo CAR-T cell expansion and grade 1 cytokine release syndrome in both patients. Both patients failed to achieve remission after CAR-T cell therapy, but bone marrow examination following therapy revealed the elimination of FLT3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    AML blasts, persistence of FLT3\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009AML blasts, and early post-treatment preservation of normal CD34\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with variable FLT3 expression. Collectively, autologous FLT3 CAR-T cells can be safely administered and can eradicate FLT3\u207a blasts with minimal toxicity, without causing substantial damage to normal CD34\u207a HSPCs; however, they fail to induce leukemic remission due to the heterogeneity of FLT3 expression and the persistence of FLT3\u207b AML blasts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-026-01466-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:49:07Z","timestamp":1778719747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["First-in-human study of FLT3 CAR-T cell therapy for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiaojin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suning","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Caligiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1466_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092182","volume":"14","author":"RH Desai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Desai, R. 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