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Nineteen studies reported median accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision between 80-90%, with F1-score and AUC medians approaching 78%, though relying on in-sample cross-validation rather than external cohorts. Reference standards varied widely, data-quality criteria were seldom reported, and fewer than 5% shared datasets publicly. Classification was the predominant modeling strategy, with regression emerging only in recent years. Overall, passive DHTs show promise as low-burden triage tools for population-level ADRD screening, but routine deployment will require more diverse cohorts, harmonized reporting, multimodal privacy-preserving analytics, and rigorous human-factors evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-026-02650-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T13:25:15Z","timestamp":1777123515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Passive digital health technologies for Alzheimer\u2019s disease screening and diagnosis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Igor","family":"Matias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Proci\u00f3w","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Daza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kliegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Wac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2650_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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