{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:58:03Z","timestamp":1789693083923,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-026-03106-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T23:10:55Z","timestamp":1786576255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Context-aware monitoring: rethinking comprehensive screening in the era of AI"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Shaywitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan D.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Sodickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3106_CR1","unstructured":"Shaywitz, D. A. Consumer Health\u2019s Digital Convergence \u2014 And What\u2019s Still Missing. Timmerman Report https:\/\/timmermanreport.com\/2025\/10\/consumer-healths-digital-convergence-and-whats-still-missing\/ (2025)."},{"key":"3106_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k2387","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2387","volume":"361","author":"JW O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan, J. W., Muntinga, T., Grigg, S. & Ioannidis, J. P. A. Prevalence and outcomes of incidental imaging findings: umbrella review. BMJ 361, k2387 (2018).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3106_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01738-w","volume":"22","author":"J Balayla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balayla, J. Bayesian updating and sequential testing: overcoming inferential limitations of screening tests. BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak. 22, 6 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"3106_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.04.010","volume":"62","author":"C van Walraven","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Walraven, C., Austin, P. C., Jennings, A. & Forster, A. J. Correlation between serial tests made disease probability estimates erroneous. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 62, 1301\u20131305 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"3106_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2025.3594363","volume":"45","author":"A Atal\u0131k","year":"2026","unstructured":"Atal\u0131k, A., Chopra, S. & Sodickson, D. K. A trust-guided approach to MR image reconstruction with side information. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 45, 190\u2013205 (2026).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"3106_CR6","unstructured":"Umapathy, L. et al. Context is everything: reducing false positives in longitudinal health assessment using deep learning with prior information. Preprint at https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2510.15591 (2025)."},{"key":"3106_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.12.028","volume":"74","author":"P Str\u00f6m","year":"2018","unstructured":"Str\u00f6m, P. et al. The Stockholm-3 model for prostate cancer detection: algorithm update, biomarker contribution, and reflex test potential. Eur. Urol. 74, 204\u2013210 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"3106_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.04.037","volume":"86","author":"A Josefsson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Josefsson, A. et al. Performance of 4Kscore as a reflex test to prostate-specific antigen in the G\u00d6TEBORG-2 prostate cancer screening trial. Eur. Urol. 86, 223\u2013229 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"3106_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2503223","volume":"393","author":"MJ Roobol","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roobol, M. J. et al. European study of prostate cancer screening \u2014 23-year follow-up. N. Engl. J. Med. 393, 1669\u20131680 (2025).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"3106_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3710","volume":"319","author":"DC Grossman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grossman, D. C. et al. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 319, 1901\u20131913 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3106_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.1685","volume":"27","author":"AJ Vickers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vickers, A. J., Savage, C., O\u2019Brien, M. F. & Lilja, H. Systematic review of pretreatment prostate-specific antigen velocity and doubling time as predictors for prostate cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 398\u2013403 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"3106_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01700-2","volume":"402","author":"D Schrag","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schrag, D. et al. Blood-based tests for multicancer early detection (PATHFINDER): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 402, 1251\u20131260 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3106_CR13","unstructured":"Herper, M. & Chen, A. Key study of Grail\u2019s cancer detection test fails in setback for company. STAT https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2026\/02\/19\/grail-cancer-test-galleri-results\/ (2026)."},{"key":"3106_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0377","volume":"325","author":"DE Jonas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jonas, D. E. et al. Screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 325, 971\u2013987 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3106_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04249-w","volume":"601","author":"M Rasmussen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rasmussen, M. et al. RNA profiles reveal signatures of future health and disease in pregnancy. Nature 601, 422\u2013427 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3106_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04410-z","volume":"602","author":"MN Moufarrej","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moufarrej, M. N. et al. Early prediction of preeclampsia in pregnancy with cell-free RNA. Nature 602, 689\u2013694 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3106_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03142-z","volume":"30","author":"J Carrasco-Zanini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carrasco-Zanini, J. et al. Proteomic signatures improve risk prediction for common and rare diseases. Nat. Med. 30, 2489\u20132498 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"3106_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.12.021","volume":"82","author":"S Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao, S. et al. Cost-effectiveness of the Stockholm3 test and magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer screening: a microsimulation study. Eur. Urol. 82, 12\u201319 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"3106_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.2829","volume":"175","author":"S Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira, S. et al. Psychosocial effect of newborn genomic sequencing on families in the BabySeq Project: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 175, 1132\u20131141 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"3106_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-019-0565-3","volume":"21","author":"JO Robinson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robinson, J. O. et al. Psychological outcomes related to exome and genome sequencing result disclosure: a meta-analysis of seven CSER Consortium studies. Genet. Med. 21, 2781\u20132790 (2019).","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"3106_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00645-4","volume":"26","author":"L Nadauld","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nadauld, L. et al. Psychosocial impact associated with a multicancer early detection test (PATHFINDER). Lancet Oncol. 26, 165\u2013174 (2025).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"3106_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.21451","volume":"333","author":"HJ Warraich","year":"2025","unstructured":"Warraich, H. J., Tazbaz, T. & Califf, R. M. FDA perspective on the regulation of artificial intelligence in health care and biomedicine. JAMA 333, 241\u2013247 (2025).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3106_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01595-0","volume":"27","author":"L Seyyed-Kalantari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seyyed-Kalantari, L., Zhang, H., McDermott, M. B. A., Chen, I. Y. & Ghassemi, M. Underdiagnosis bias of artificial intelligence algorithms applied to chest radiographs in under-served patient populations. Nat. Med. 27, 2176\u20132182 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-03106-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-03106-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-03106-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T23:10:56Z","timestamp":1786576256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-03106-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-026-03106-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Subsequent to the original submission of this manuscript, D.A.S. became Chief Medical Scientist at Lore, a company developing a platform to enhance the agency of populations. Lore does not develop, market, or hold any commercial interest in screening or diagnostic technologies, and provided no funding, input, or review for this work. N.D.P. is an executive at Thorne HealthTech and has served as an advisor for Sera Prognostics. As of December 3, 2025, D.K.S. is an executive at Function Health, although the research described was conducted while he was at NYU Grossman School of Medicine and was not funded by Function Health.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"624"}}