{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:46:55Z","timestamp":1791827215926,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Digit. Med."],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-026-03351-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:06:41Z","timestamp":1791824801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From authoring to editing: a competency framework for trainee use of ambient AI clinical documentation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yash","family":"Raka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reed","family":"Van Deusen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Wiberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3351_CR1","first-page":"CAT.25.0040","volume":"6","author":"AA Tierney","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tierney, A. A. et al. Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: learnings after 1 year and over 2.5 million uses. NEJM Catal. 6, CAT.25.0040 (2025).","journal-title":"NEJM Catal."},{"key":"3351_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2026.2253","volume":"335","author":"LS Rotenstein","year":"2026","unstructured":"Rotenstein, L. S. et al. Changes in clinician time expenditure and visit quantity with adoption of artificial intelligence-powered scribes: a multisite study. JAMA 335, 1408\u20131417 (2026).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3351_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2647-1142","volume":"16","author":"DS Wright","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wright, D. S., Kanaparthy, N. S., Melnick, E. R. et al. The effect of ambient artificial intelligence scribes on trainee documentation burden. Appl Clin. Inf. 16, 872\u2013878 (2025).","journal-title":"Appl Clin. Inf."},{"key":"3351_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae295","volume":"32","author":"SJ Shah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shah, S. J. et al. Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: physician burnout and perspectives on usability and documentation burden. J. Am. Med Inf. Assoc. 32, 375\u2013380 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med Inf. Assoc."},{"key":"3351_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae304","volume":"32","author":"SP Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma, S. P. et al. Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: utilization and impact on documentation time. J. Am. Med Inf. Assoc. 32, 381\u2013385 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med Inf. Assoc."},{"key":"3351_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2460637","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.60637","volume":"8","author":"MJ Duggan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duggan, M. J. et al. Clinician experiences with ambient scribe technology to assist with documentation burden and efficiency. JAMA Netw. Open 8, e2460637 (2025).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"3351_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e258614","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.8614","volume":"8","author":"CD Stults","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stults, C. D. et al. Evaluation of an ambient artificial intelligence documentation platform for clinicians. JAMA Netw. Open 8, e258614 (2025).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"3351_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AIp2400979","DOI":"10.1056\/AIp2400979","volume":"2","author":"JW Ohde","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ohde, J. W., Rost, L. M. & Overgaard, J. D. The burden of reviewing LLM-generated content. NEJM AI 2, AIp2400979 (2025).","journal-title":"NEJM AI"},{"key":"3351_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89337","DOI":"10.2196\/89337","volume":"14","author":"E Coiera","year":"2026","unstructured":"Coiera, E. & Fraile-Navarro, D. AI scribes: are we measuring what matters? JMIR Med. Inf. 14, e89337 (2026).","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Inf."},{"key":"3351_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13121447","volume":"13","author":"M Sasseville","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sasseville, M. et al. The impact of AI scribes on streamlining clinical documentation: a systematic review. Healthcare 13, 1447 (2025).","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"3351_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2025.1691499","volume":"8","author":"E Palm","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palm, E., Manikantan, A., Mahal, H., Belwadi, S. S. & Pepin, M. E. Assessing the quality of AI-generated clinical notes: validated evaluation of a large language model ambient scribe. Front Artif. Intell. 8, 1691499 (2025).","journal-title":"Front Artif. Intell."},{"key":"3351_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86474","DOI":"10.2196\/86474","volume":"14","author":"SL Taylor","year":"2026","unstructured":"Taylor, S. L., Jost, M., MacDonald, S. et al. Quality of clinical notes created by ambient listening generative AI: pragmatic prospective pilot study. JMIR Med Inf. 14, e86474, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/86474 (2026).","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inf."},{"key":"3351_CR13","unstructured":"Kahneman, D. Thinking, Fast and Slow (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2011)."},{"key":"3351_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.4.6.592","volume":"4","author":"NJ Slamecka","year":"1978","unstructured":"Slamecka, N. J. & Graf, P. The generation effect: delineation of a phenomenon. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Learn. Mem. 4, 592\u2013604 (1978).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"3351_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810376055","volume":"52","author":"R Parasuraman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parasuraman, R. & Manzey, D. H. Complacency and bias in human use of automation: an attentional integration. Hum. Factors 52, 381\u2013410, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720810376055 (2010).","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"3351_CR16","unstructured":"Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research. Rankings of NIH Funding in 2025. https:\/\/brimr.org\/brimr-rankings-of-nih-funding-in-2025\/"},{"key":"3351_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abernethy, J. et al. Integrating AI scribes into medical education: guardrails for preserving clinical reasoning. J. Gen. Intern. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-025-10149-w (2026).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-025-10149-w"},{"key":"3351_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1054","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.109-5650","volume":"190","author":"R Collier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Collier, R. EHR access and training still lacking for medical trainees. CMAJ 190, E1054, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.109-5650 (2018).","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"3351_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz178","volume":"27","author":"A Rajaram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajaram, A. et al. Training medical students and residents in the use of electronic health records: a systematic review of the literature. J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. 27, 175\u2013180 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc."},{"key":"3351_CR20","unstructured":"American Medical Association. Medical Student Access to Electronic Health Records H-315.969. https:\/\/policysearch.ama-assn.org\/policyfinder\/detail\/Medical%20Student%20Access%20to%20Electronic%20Health%20Records%20H-315.969"},{"key":"3351_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2503232","volume":"393","author":"REE Abdulnour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abdulnour, R. E. E., Gin, B. & Boscardin, C. K. Educational strategies for clinical supervision of artificial intelligence use. N. Engl. J. Med. 393, 786\u2013797 (2025).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"3351_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04438-y","volume":"32","author":"Y Ke","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ke, Y. et al. AI-induced never-skilling in medical education. Nat. Med. 32, 1997\u20132006 (2026).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"3351_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2009.03498.x","volume":"44","author":"JJ van Merri\u00ebnboer","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Merri\u00ebnboer, J. J. & Sweller, J. Cognitive load theory in health professional education: design principles and strategies. Med. Educ. 44, 85\u201393 (2010).","journal-title":"Med. Educ."},{"key":"3351_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02127.x","volume":"19","author":"N Kornell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kornell, N. & Bjork, R. A. Learning concepts and categories: is spacing the \u201cenemy of induction\u201d? Psychol. Sci. 19, 585\u2013592 (2008).","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."}],"container-title":["npj Digital Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-03351-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-03351-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-03351-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:06:42Z","timestamp":1791824802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41746-026-03351-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-026-03351-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2398-6352"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2398-6352","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"785"}}