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Aggregation of specific peptides, like A\u03b242 in AD and hIAPP in T2DM, causes cellular dysfunction resulting in the respective pathology. While these amyloidogenic proteins lack sequence homology, they all contain aromatic amino acids in their hydrophobic core that play a major role in their self-assembly. Targeting these aromatic residues by small molecules may be an attractive approach for inhibiting amyloid aggregation. Here, various biochemical and biophysical techniques revealed that a panel of tryptophan-galactosylamine conjugates significantly inhibit fibril formation of A\u03b242 and hIAPP, and disassemble their pre-formed fibrils in a dose-dependent manner. They are also not toxic to mammalian cells and can reduce the cytotoxicity induced by A\u03b242 and hIAPP aggregates. These tryptophan-galactosylamine conjugates can therefore serve as a scaffold for the development of therapeutics towards AD and T2DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01216-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T10:03:28Z","timestamp":1599041008000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Tryptophan-galactosylamine conjugates inhibit and disaggregate amyloid fibrils of A\u03b242 and hIAPP peptides while reducing their toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashim","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7235-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moran","family":"Frenkel-Pinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Escobar Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Milordini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5764-1720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehud","family":"Gazit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3593-6023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Zacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1216_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.03.007","volume":"25","author":"TA Bayer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bayer, T. 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