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However, the mechanism underlying this cochlear synaptopathy remains unclear. Here, we report that elevation of extracellular K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , which is a consequence of noise exposure, could cause IHC ribbon synapse degeneration and swelling. Like intensity dependence in noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, the K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -induced degeneration was dose-dependent, and could be attenuated by BK channel blockers. However, application of glutamate receptor (GluR) agonists caused ribbon swelling but not degeneration. In addition, consistent with synaptopathy in HHL, both K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and noise exposure only caused IHC but not outer hair cell ribbon synapse degeneration. These data reveal that K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    excitotoxicity can degenerate IHC ribbon synapses in HHL, and suggest that BK channel may be a potential target for prevention and treatment of HHL.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01532-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T06:02:41Z","timestamp":1609740161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Excess extracellular K+ causes inner hair cell ribbon synapse degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1189-2142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Bo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Man","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1532_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14077","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2845-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"SG Kujawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kujawa, S. 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