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Only scattered cases have been reported, but\n                    <jats:italic>S. proliferum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection is always fatal. However,\n                    <jats:italic>S. proliferum<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s phylogeny and life cycle remain enigmatic. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships between\n                    <jats:italic>S. proliferum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and other cestode species, and to examine the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity, we sequenced the entire genomes of\n                    <jats:italic>S. proliferum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and a closely related non\u2013life-threatening tapeworm\n                    <jats:italic>Spirometra erinaceieuropaei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additionally, we performed larvae transcriptome analyses of\n                    <jats:italic>S. proliferum<\/jats:italic>\n                    plerocercoid to identify genes involved in asexual reproduction in the host. The genome sequences confirmed that the\n                    <jats:italic>S. proliferum<\/jats:italic>\n                    has experienced a clearly distinct evolutionary history from\n                    <jats:italic>S. erinaceieuropaei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Moreover, we found that nonordinal extracellular matrix coordination allows asexual reproduction in the host, and loss of sexual maturity in\n                    <jats:italic>S. proliferum<\/jats:italic>\n                    are responsible for its fatal pathogenicity to humans. Our high-quality reference genome sequences should be valuable for future studies of pseudophyllidean tapeworm biology and parasitism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02160-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T06:09:17Z","timestamp":1622441357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Genome of the fatal tapeworm Sparganum proliferum uncovers mechanisms for cryptic life cycle and aberrant larval proliferation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2759-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taisei","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Dayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky L.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Ishiwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0728-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asuka","family":"Kounosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunobu","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belkisyole Alarcon","family":"de Noya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Noya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somei","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Kuramochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2160_CR1","unstructured":"Ijima I. 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