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However, very little is known about the benefits this choice confers to offspring performance. Using\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>\n                    (an important vector of human disease), we investigated whether offspring of converging parental pairs showed differences in immune competence compared to offspring derived from non-converging parental pairs. Here we show that harmonic convergence, along with several other interacting factors (sex, age, reproductive, and physiological status), significantly shaped offspring immune responses (melanization and response to a bacterial challenge). Harmonic convergence had a stronger effect on the immune response of male offspring than on female offspring. Further, female offspring from converging parental pairs disseminated dengue virus more quickly than offspring derived from non-converging parental pairs. Our results provide insight into a wide range of selective pressures shaping mosquito immune function and could have important implications for disease transmission and control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02236-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T06:08:03Z","timestamp":1623391683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sex, age, and parental harmonic convergence behavior affect the immune performance of Aedes aegypti offspring"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5386-0616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M.","family":"Reitmayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh K.","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2143-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura C.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melinda A.","family":"Brindley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6627-1490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren J.","family":"Cator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5966-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney C.","family":"Murdock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2236_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/dengue\/areaswithrisk\/index.html (2021)."},{"key":"2236_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12060","volume":"496","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhatt, S. et al. 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