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Upon exposure to light, photoreceptors that are activated by blue and red light halt elongation by preventing the degradation of the hypocotyl-elongation inhibitor HY5 and by inhibiting the activity of the elongation-promoting transcription factors PIFs. The question of how sugar affects hypocotyl elongation and which cell types stimulate and stop that elongation remains unresolved. We found that overexpression of a sugar sensor, Arabidopsis hexokinase 1 (<jats:italic>HXK1<\/jats:italic>), in guard cells promotes hypocotyl elongation under white and blue light through PIF4. Furthermore, expression of<jats:italic>PIF4<\/jats:italic>in guard cells is sufficient to promote hypocotyl elongation in the light, while expression of<jats:italic>HY5<\/jats:italic>in guard cells is sufficient to inhibit the elongation of the<jats:italic>hy5<\/jats:italic>mutant and the elongation stimulated by<jats:italic>HXK1<\/jats:italic>. HY5 exits the guard cells and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, but is degraded in the dark. We also show that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by guard cells\u2019 HY5 involves auto-activation of<jats:italic>HY5<\/jats:italic>expression in other tissues. It appears that guard cells are capable of coordinating hypocotyl elongation and that sugar and<jats:italic>HXK1<\/jats:italic>have the opposite effect of light on hypocotyl elongation, converging at PIF4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02283-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T10:03:10Z","timestamp":1624269790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Guard cells control hypocotyl elongation through HXK1, HY5, and PIF4"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3889-0024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilor","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danja","family":"Brandsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiman","family":"Egbaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Doron-Faigenboim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitsan","family":"Lugassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Belausov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanita","family":"Zemach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Shaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Carmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Sade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Granot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2283_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/180035a0","volume":"180","author":"HL Kornberg","year":"1957","unstructured":"Kornberg, H. 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