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We performed cross-tissue and multiple-gene conditioned transcriptome-wide association studies for 23 tissues of the gut-brain-axis using genome-wide association studies data sets (total 180,592 patients) for Crohn\u2019s disease, ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. We identified\n                    <jats:italic>NR5A2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>SATB2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>PPP3CA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (encoding a target for calcineurin inhibitors in refractory ulcerative colitis) as shared susceptibility genes with transcriptome-wide significance both for Crohn\u2019s disease, ulcerative colitis and schizophrenia, largely explaining fine-mapped association signals at nearby genome-wide association study susceptibility loci. Analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data showed that\n                    <jats:italic>PPP3CA<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression was strongest in neurons and in enteroendocrine and Paneth-like cells of the ileum, colon, and rectum, indicating a possible link to the gut-brain-axis.\n                    <jats:italic>PPP3CA<\/jats:italic>\n                    together with three further suggestive loci can be linked to calcineurin-related signaling pathways such as NFAT activation or Wnt.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03031-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T06:04:47Z","timestamp":1642658687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Cross-tissue transcriptome-wide association studies identify susceptibility genes shared between schizophrenia and inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0935-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Uellendahl-Werth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9559-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Borisov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9293-0691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simonas","family":"Juzenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2068-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eike Matthias","family":"Wacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5694-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella Friis","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim Alexander","family":"Steiert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saptarshi","family":"Bej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3194-8625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Krawitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6105-2937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf","family":"Wolkenhauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2489-2499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Banasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0316-5866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Brunak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8289-9931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom Hemming","family":"Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8770-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"N\u00f6then","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine","family":"Folseraas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4332-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Ellinghaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3031_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12684","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12684","volume":"31","author":"CN Heiss","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heiss, C. 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