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Defects in the catabolizing enzyme, glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cause a lysosomal storage disorder known as Gaucher disease. However, the genetic regulation of GCase has not been fully understood. Here we show the redefined structure of the GCase coding gene (<jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic>), and clarify the regulatory mechanisms of its transcription and translation. First, alternative uses of the two <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic> gene promoters were identified in fibroblasts and HL60-derived macrophages. Intriguingly, both <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic> transcripts and GCase activities were induced in macrophages but not in neutrophils. Second, we observed cap-independent translation occurs via unique internal ribosome entry site activities in first promoter-driven <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic> transcripts. Third, the reciprocal expression was observed in <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic> and miR22-3p versus <jats:italic>GBAP1<\/jats:italic> transcripts before and after HL60-induced macrophage differentiation. Nevertheless, these findings clearly demonstrate novel cell-type-specific <jats:italic>GBA<\/jats:italic> gene expression regulatory mechanisms, providing new insights into GCase biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03577-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T10:03:19Z","timestamp":1657706599000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Redefining GBA gene structure unveils the ability of Cap-independent, IRES-dependent gene regulation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiko","family":"Miyoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Hagita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taigo","family":"Horiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Tanimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Noma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01279.x","volume":"163","author":"D Canals","year":"2011","unstructured":"Canals, D., Perry, D. 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